2015-08-03.log

--- Log opened Mon Aug 03 00:00:29 2015
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fluffyponyhttps://i.imgur.com/gZWkpu4.png04:59
fluffyponyVanillaCoin (some altcoin) keeps the mempool in sync across peers04:59
fluffyponybecause that's completely feasible and devoid of problems04:59
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jcorganthere are many lols in the bct ann for that05:05
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lmatteisdo you guys think bitcoin would've been possible say 20 years ago? my guess is no because computing power was more centralized than it is nowadays. if that's the case, decentralized consensus could be more of an economical-social-cultural outcome, where specific things, such as  cheap computing, are available to anyone05:34
thesnarklmatteis, cheap computing definitely has and is changing humanity forever. Bitcoin would have been very possible 20 years ago, but not as attractive because fewer people were connected to the net05:36
CodeSharkbandwidth and storage requirements would have severely restricted bitcoin's size 20 years ago (even setting aside other things like crypto developments and patent expirations...and importantly, crypto export issues)05:38
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lmatteisright but my point is more on the idea that decentralized consensus could be a temporary solution that works only when socio-economical factors are in place to allow it05:40
thesnarklmatteis, ah that is probably true05:41
CodeSharkideally, the economic factors would be taken into account in the protocols of the network05:42
CodeSharkto reinforce decentralization05:42
CodeSharkfor instance, I think division of labor is critical05:43
lmatteisright, but underneath it all the main factor is computing power. if that's not available in a free market, decentralization could be at risk05:43
thesnarklmatteis, yes definitely!05:43
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thesnarklmatteis, actually open source IC production is a really important concept that maybe deserves more attention and work05:44
CodeSharkyes, that's a good point. thing is IC production has huge barriers to entry05:44
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lmatteisIC?05:45
thesnarkintegrated circuit05:45
CodeSharkat least, not everyone can set up clean rooms and wafer doping equipment and all that05:45
CodeSharkor whatever the industry lingo for it is - I'm a software guy :p05:46
thesnarkCodeShark, It's not as inaccessible as you'd think05:46
CodeSharkwell, you can always outsource production of an IC design05:46
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CodeSharkbut you still need to do relatively large volume for it to be economical, no?05:46
thesnarkNo, you can produce a couple of individual ICs for not too much money05:47
thesnarknot too much money is about $30k05:47
thesnarkat the moment05:47
thesnarkand if you only make a single chip and you know what you're doing, maybe as low as 5-7k05:47
lmatteisalso, hashing power is scalable. meaning that 1000 "home made" ICs could win over any single regime that wants to overpower the network05:48
thesnarklmatteis, that attack will always be possible. for example the Feds could have wrecked bitcoin early by manufacturing a bunch of ICs with that delicious fed money05:50
thesnark$100M is nothing to some orgs05:50
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CodeSharkonce we have programmable nanoassemblers we can open source all hardware production :p05:51
CodeSharkreduce factories to essentially printers :p05:52
thesnarkbut if you hear what lmatteis is saying, the control over the research and production of nanotech is essential for that future to exist - and currently it wouldn't be too hard to squash it05:52
thesnarkif you just focus on the right tech, I mean05:52
lmatteisdo you guys mind the fact that hashing uses lots of energy? i know "wasting energy" is sort of an intrinsic property of decentralized consensus though05:52
CodeSharkI'd have to look over the statistics to have a strong opinion05:53
thesnarklmatteis, any reasonable person should be concerned with the energy involved. lots of people will tell you that more efficient mining will solve that problem but I don't know05:53
CodeSharkbut isn't energy cost the ultimate intrinsic cost?05:53
thesnarklmatteis, ultimately it might not be a problem for bitcoin - in other words, alt energy development is also essential05:53
lmatteisbut that's sort of what makes it work in the first place. it must cost something or else anybody could simulate it05:54
CodeSharkassuming IC production was widely accessible, etc...the bottleneck would be energy availability05:54
thesnarkCodeShark or raw capital/buying power becomes the bottleneck05:55
thesnarkI don't think we're even remotely close to approaching infinite energy though05:55
thesnarkI don't see it being a problem even with good alt energy05:55
CodeSharkassuming efficient flow of the means of production, mining tends towards breaking even...the only way to profitably mine, it seems, is to have early access to a better technolofy05:55
CodeShark*technology05:56
thesnarkyes definitely CodeShark05:56
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CodeSharkmolecular nanobots and nuclear fusion :p05:57
lmatteisor just mining rigs hanging near the sun :)05:57
fluffyponylmatteis: I think cryptography / security is inherently an arms race05:57
fluffyponyI remember a few years back I setup infrastructure for a startup, and their acid test was 1000 simultaneous users05:58
fluffyponybut the trap was SSL, handshaking SSL connections is expensive05:58
fluffyponyyou can get around this by allowing RC4, but since I knew RC4 was just about broken I advised them to drop RC4 support05:59
fluffyponywhich meant spending more money on the processing capability of the webapp servers, and they had to support AES-NI05:59
fluffyponybut in hindsight that was better, since now SSLv3 is dead, as is RC4, and yet they're still on the same infrastructure (just scaled up)05:59
thesnark+1 fluffypony05:59
fluffyponyso protecting the users ended up having a very real cost, and Bitcoin's mining network has a very real cost, but it's a tradeoff we're willing to make for security's sake06:00
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lmatteisdo you think "work" and wasting energy is an inherent property to reach consensus in a trustless/decentralized way?06:02
lmatteisor is that sort of an assumption we make because that's the best we could find today?06:02
fluffyponyit's not as simple as saying that "wasting energy" is inherent06:03
thesnarklmatteis, there will always be unknown possibilities, but IMO yes. I'm not sure it's "wasting" energy06:03
fluffyponyevery piece of "work" done by honest members of the network represents a piece of work that an attacker has to counter06:03
lmatteisfluffypony: indeed06:04
fluffyponythe problem with all these other systems (proof of storage, proof of waffles, proof of whatever) is that they are often hard to measure, easy to game06:04
fluffyponycrunching numbers is the simplest thing we can find that is easy to measure and hard to game06:04
lmatteiswhich goes hand-in-hand with energy consumption06:05
fluffyponyyes06:05
fluffyponywhich is why I'm quite intrigued by some of the guys playing around with other things, like making the work "hard disk activity" instead of crunching numbers06:05
fluffyponyalthough I think anything replacing PoW is a ways away06:06
lmatteisah like proof of space?06:06
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fluffyponyyup06:06
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lmatteisit is unclear how to stop one from re-purposing their storage space for proving, and therefore simulating, that a very large amount of data was stored06:07
fluffyponyyeah and therein lies the problem - viability needs to be proven, which requires research, thinking, and time06:07
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CodeSharkdoesn't seem anyone's found a way to do proof-of-anything-other-than-work that does not require things like checkpoints06:10
fluffyponyCodeShark: yup06:10
fluffyponyalthough we should definitely add a "yet" to that, as it's entirely possible someone cracks that problem06:11
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CodeSharkthere's probably some theoretical physical constraint to how much granularity to well-ordering consensus the universe allows...some sort of uncertainty principle06:19
lmatteisafter all the proof that is needed for consensus is that it is harder to achieve by a single entity then the network combined. energy consumption does have that property, but perhaps there're dozen of other ways. obviously i'm just speculating... could be that energy is sort of a universal constant :)06:19
CodeSharkit would be interesting to try to construct an argument that is independent of technology06:20
CodeSharkjust based on things like signal propagation speed and entropy06:21
CodeSharkin principle, reversible computation doesn't produce entropy06:22
CodeSharkbut in practice it seems impossible to achieve that06:22
CodeSharkthe catch is that we have to measure the state repeatedly..."cool it" into specific energy states06:23
CodeSharkso there's necessarily some heat exchange, it seems like06:24
lmatteisbut see, it doesn't necessarily have to be hard to compute. it could have totally other different properties we cannot phantom about06:25
lmatteisbut again, just speculating cuz i have no idea what it could look like :)06:25
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lmatteisbut i'm sure that if it exists, it would look obvious in hindsight, quite non-obvious in foresight06:27
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frankenmintI'd like to use this: https://code.google.com/p/googletest/08:20
frankenmintfor this: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin#testing08:21
fluffyponygtest is a nice testing framework, we use it for the Monero tests08:21
frankenminthow would I do this properly?  Do I make a fork of BTC and apply my changes then submit pull requests with my proper tests included onto the other pull requests to determine pass/failing statuses?08:22
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fluffyponyyes08:23
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bramcAn interesting thing about transactions fees: If you're optimizing for cheapness of transactions, that implies a very specific and possibly not very privacy friendly spending policy13:50
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bramcOf course, it isn't clear that any coin combining policy is particularly better or worse than any other from a privacy standpoint. They all seem to suck.13:53
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fluffyponyhrm, I think whoever is administering the mailing list just woke up :-P14:10
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gmaxwellbramc: I'm not sure if you mean low fees over all, vs lowest fee for _this_ transaction? They result in pretty different behavior.14:17
kanzurethe optimal privacy situation is the one where nobody spends14:17
kanzureso high fees should tend to do that :-)14:17
heloany situation where everyone spends equally?14:18
kanzurenot everyone has a reason to make transactions14:18
nshbramc, do you have up-to-date notes somewhere?14:24
bramcgmaxwell, Lower fees over time for the one wallet. The best algorithm is to spend the smallest utxo larger than the desired output. If no single local utxo is big enough, use the two largest, and if that isn't big enough add the third, etc.14:45
bramcnsh, working on it. My current post is very high level, although a surprising amount of basic stuff hasn't hit the general discourse.14:46
* nsh nods14:46
kanzure"current post" is posted?14:48
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leakypatbramc: although the fee market dynamic changes this a bit, if fees are low, a good time to consolidate dust14:52
bramckanzure, Not posted yet, working on it.14:53
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bramcleakypat, The problem is that consolidation takes the same amount in fees regardless of whether it's done sooner or later, because adding an input is the same increase in transaction size. The idea is that you want to reduce dust *creation* as much as possible14:56
bramcCome to think of it, maybe overshooting by as little as possible is a better bet14:57
bramcHere's a thought: To find how well consolidated a wallet is, take the square root of the sum of the squares of all the utxo sizes. Divide that into the sum of the utxo sizes. The closer that is to 1 the better.14:59
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gmaxwellBitcoin Core's behavior tries to minimize change, but this is not ideal because it results in change which is small enough to be not very useful. (e.g. will never be an exact value that you needed).15:01
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bramcgmaxwell, The technique I said is trying to minimize the number of utxos, on the assumption that every generated utxo is going to be another fee you pay for consolidation15:04
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bramcOkay, running numbers on an objective measure you mostly want to overshoot by as little as possible. The main difference with current algorithms is that it's trying to minimize the number of utxos which go in15:29
bramcAlthough maybe even that isn't a good idea. Maybe simply measuring square root of sum of squares is the best approach.15:30
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bramchmm, it's called root mean square15:34
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bramcThe question is, do you assume all dust must be consolidated eventually, so you might as well proactively consolidate it now?15:46
bramcOr is there reasonable hope that some dust will get so small that you can just forget about it?15:50
bramcThe *really* simple algorithm is that you take every one of your utxos and put it into every transaction15:50
bramcThen you only have one utxo after every spend15:51
gmaxwellI think that does not minimize fees.  Imagine you did that except in one case you had a utxo that was the exact amount you needed to spend, so you spent it without creating change in that transaction. I believe thats strictly smaller.15:52
bramcRight, but how likely is that?15:53
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kanzurei wonder what the cost would have to be per transaction to make it worthwhile to just pay more for a trinket15:54
gmaxwellbramc: you can choose your change sizes to make it more likely.15:55
gmaxwellI wasn't trying to say it was the common case (though it certantly happens) ... just pointing out that the example you gave couldn't be a completely optimal behavior.15:56
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bramcArguably, if fees are on an upward trend it's better to always consolidate sooner because fees will be higher later17:28
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bramcBut if you can manage to ever overshoot by less than a transaction fee you've basically got it. Of course, that's a problem too: With variable transaction fees, you have to overcommit early17:34
bramcMaybe I should just conclude that coin combining doesn't matter all that much because it amortizes out the same in the end anyway17:35
gmaxwellI think the only thing that matters there is that if you undercombine and get very small change thats a loss.17:36
bramcWhy? If your output is smaller than the amount it costs to add another input to a transaction then throwing it out is cheaper than doing the consolidation.17:37
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gmaxwelle.g. you spend 5.0001 to get 5 out, ending up with 0.0001 change. That might be worth keeping, but not hugely so. You could also add a 1.0 additional input and end up with 1.0001 change, which is much more useful.17:40
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bramcThe cost of a transaction is mostly proportional to the number of inputs it has, so for every utxo you have in your wallet that will eventually cost some coin to get consolidated. If you can make it smaller than the consolidation cost, then throwing it out is a win17:42
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bramcAdding that 1 sounds like a loss. You could have waited to add the 1 until later, which would cost the same amount.17:43
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gmaxwellbut later you can now ad the 1.0001  which cost the same as adding the 1 itself or the 0.000117:50
bramcIt's still adding two inputs over time, and it loses versatility: Maybe you need to spend exactly 1.0 or .000117:51
gmaxwellindeed but the the merging might make the exact spend more likely. Which is I guess the question thats interesting to ask.17:52
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bramcIf you merge later you have three possible exact spends. If you merge now you have one18:27
bramcA, B, and A+B, versus just A+B18:27
bramcOf course if you have more then your chances of having an exact or near exact go up as well18:28
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bramcWhich seems to be an argument in favor of keeping different sizes of coin around18:28
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amillerbramc, i think the fee should be based on the costs, and eventually that will be dominated by utxobytes*time21:03
amillerassuming that full nodes are still keeping track of even all the utxos21:03
bramcamiller, I'm just working with what we've got today21:05
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CodeSharkutxo space should be rented out, not sold :)22:06
gmaxwellCodeShark: hard to avoid bad incentives.22:06
gmaxwell"lol, think I'll ignore this transaction right here so it's UTXO expires next block."22:06
CodeSharkyeah, indirect incentives via the miners are problematic22:07
CodeSharkeconomically what would most make sense would be to distribute this fee across all nodes that maintain a copy of the utxo...but I'm not sure how to accomplish that ;)22:08
CodeSharkand still have a separate fee incentive for the miner22:09
gmaxwellI think the best suggestion I've seen along those lines is petertodd's proposal that the UTXO set not be stored (or only a small, fixed size, 'most recent') be stored and the rest is accomidated by an increasengly large hashtree membership proof.  The down side is that bandwidth seems like it will always be much more scarce than storage; so almost any traodeoff of less storage for more BW is a lo22:09
gmaxwellss.22:09
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CodeSharkare you talking about the merkle mountain range proposal?22:10
CodeSharkin principle, I fully agree with the idea that the person spending an output should be responsible for supplying the proof that the output exists and hasn't been spent22:11
gmaxwellMMR is just another name for a particular kind of insertion ordered hashtree strategy.  I'm speaking more specifically of a sub-class of "commited TXO" proposal (where there is a small txo set everyone is assumed to have, and the rest is accessed via commitments)22:11
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CodeSharkbut I don't think such an approach is really practical for a flood network22:12
gmaxwellthough I did observe the proof sizes of TXO commitments are much better if you also assume nodes will cache the top levels of the tree; though that hardly takes any storage.22:13
gmaxwellit's easy to halve the proof sizes while hardly requiring any more storage.22:13
gmaxwellbut the access costs have to be considered too... turns out that updating is expensive.22:14
CodeSharkor perhaps have a way for nodes to query for the proof if they don't already have it22:14
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gmaxwellCodeShark: well sure, you could p2p negoiate and say "I've got all the data, don't send me proofs"  so on a link by link basis you could make the bandwidth vs storage tradeoff.22:14
CodeSharkright22:15
gmaxwellBut if its virtually never a win to send the proof; then the scheme (With its cpu cost) isn't a win.22:15
c0rw1nCodeShark that sounds to me a liiiiiiiittle like having the spender ... mine? the proof that the TXO is U ? ( feel free to ignore if this is too stupid )22:15
CodeSharkthe spender doesn't have to mine...but the commit structure needs to be updated before a miner mines it22:16
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c0rw1n( still over my head and this is not btc-lrn2wizard so thanks but i'll stop asking ( unless and until i go and relearn everything technical i knew of bitcoin that i forgot in over two years ) )22:19
CodeSharkc0rw1n: essentially, either the validator (which updates the commit structure) must have enough of the global commit structure to validate the transaction...or the sender must supply exact instructions on how to update the structure22:22
CodeSharkand it needs to be possible to validate each instruction with minimal knowledge of the global commit structure (i.e. a hash)22:24
c0rw1nthat ... does ring a few more, distant, bells but still doesn't entirely parse :(22:26
c0rw1ni forgot so much22:26
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CodeSharkimagine git but where there are also strict rules on how you can modify files22:35
c0rw|zZzok, hazy representation engaged (hoping to avoid illusion of transparence) ...22:38
CodeSharkyou can either send the modified files or deltas22:39
CodeSharkbut if you supply a delta it needs to be possible to check that it's a valid transition22:39
c0rw|zZzok, got that yes... yes22:40
c0rw|zZzah so22:40
c0rw|zZzthe transmission could include the delta and a hash (of the unmodified file, or of the result)22:40
CodeSharkright22:40
CodeSharkand you might need to break up a delta into several deltas so you can validate it22:41
CodeSharkimagine primitive deltas...the smallest possible deltas that can be validated with knowledge only of the commit hash22:42
CodeSharkthese structures must be fully self-contained...meaning they encode the complete set of instructions for updating the commit hash22:43
CodeSharkand it must be possible to make sure each delta satisfies the transition rules22:43
CodeSharkcost tradeoffs can be better reasoned about economically if we have incentive mechanisms22:46
c0rw|zZzso what's transmitted is a series of tiny deltas, each with a hash that proves it's actually a sensical (following the transition rules) update to the previous version of the file22:46
CodeSharkright22:46
CodeSharkthere are some intrinsic incentives here - for instance, it is always in the interest of a sender to make sure it is possible to construct a proof if needed. but transmitting the proof across the network incurs costs on other nodes22:48
CodeSharkas does storing it22:48
c0rw|zZz( i remember reading the term "relay fee" some day. related?  )22:48
c0rw|zZzhm22:48
CodeSharkthere's a dust prevention fee that's hardcoded into bitcoin core - but it's not a particularly good example of proper incentives ;)22:49
CodeSharkproper (or direct) incentives would be the ability for the prover to pay the relayer22:50
c0rw|zZzi'd thought of having each relay sign each transmission they relay, which would build them each a rep for being Good Transmitters ... don't remember where i was going with that at the time22:50
CodeSharkit's too easy to game that by just sending a bunch of transactions to yourself22:51
c0rw|zZzyeah at which point it'd need blockchain analysis in parallel with relay structure analysis and that would be gameable too and then arms race so yeah no22:52
c0rw|zZz( ... if it'd even be at all profitable to arms race for a few satoshis and/or hardly-monetizable rep cred ... )22:53
CodeSharkI believe ultimately this is the fundamental problem of decentralized networks...and if we could solve it it's sort of like the holy grail22:54
CodeSharkhow to create mechanisms for direct incentives that promote network health22:55
CodeSharkand since these networks are likely to be highly heterogenous, we also need to consider division of labor22:55
CodeSharkit makes sense for different types of devices to specialize in different tasks22:58
c0rw|zZzi'm uncomfortable with that :-/  best p2p network has flat structure with every node being equal ... but then bitcoin has miners, full nodes and spv nodes22:58
CodeSharkmobile devices with intermittent or restricted network access don't make particularly good validators, miners, or relayers22:59
CodeSharkbig servers don't make particularly good point-of-sale authorization devices22:59
c0rw|zZzyeah, exactly : flat p2p nets are not practical22:59
c0rw|zZzmathematical and physical limits say that something like bitcoin can't very well live on nodes all light enough to live in intermittently-connected, compute-limited smartphones23:02
c0rw|zZzit's 8AM here and i forgot to go sleep again. good night magic cypherpunks :-)23:04
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CodeSharknite23:05
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