2016-03-16.log

--- Log opened Wed Mar 16 00:00:01 2016
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nsh--02:16
nshIt wasn’t easy at all. The single biggest issue that kept popping up was the actual increase of the block size limit. That's why we settled on “around 2 MB” for the purpose of finishing the letter. If we settled on a base block size of 2 megabytes, the effective size with Segregated Witness would be 3.6, and possibly 8 under adversarial conditions. But we won't really know the exact size witho02:16
nshut more discussions between developers and the mining community. If miners and pools are OK with 2 megabytes, that will be fine, but it could end up being slightly smaller.02:16
nsh-- https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/btcc-s-sampson-mow-on-block-size-the-bitcoin-community-must-see-through-manipulation-keep-calm-and-write-code-145806135702:16
nshhow wo9uld the effective blocksize go up to 8MB under 'adversarial conditions'?02:17
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ajnsh: segwit allows up to 4 times the blocksize in witness data; with the blocksize upped to 2MB that would be up to 8MB of witness data02:23
ajnsh: i think the conclusion they came up with was (1MB, 4x) for segwit initially changing to (2MB, 2x) for segwith with a 2MB hardfork, which i think is effectively the equivalent of ~3MB without segwit02:24
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gmaxwellaj: that 'conclusion' came from locking several people who hadn't worked a bit on setwit in a room in pressuring them to agree to something; you should consider it meaningless.02:29
nshbut that's how they pick popes....02:30
gmaxwellI think it's a misnomer to call that adversarial--- miners could pad up a block with crap to make it take longer to communicate, yes. but they can also simply delay sending it for an almost equivilent effect.  And the adversarial case that isn't being considered, which is the one more than a few blocks in the chain have already hit-- blocks that cause nearly 1MB of UTXO expansion, rather than the02:32
gmaxwell very small amount normally.02:32
gmaxwelland twiddling with the SW ratio degrades that protection.02:32
gmaxwell(and achieving a rebalancing of costing to make the limits far more strongly protect the UTXO was _the_ and _the only_ factor in the montreal discussions that got everyone saying "yea, something could be done here". I think it's a travisty that Jeff went back on that discussion and turned around and attacked the one unifying thing that came out of montreal, what a waste of time.02:36
nshhmm02:41
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* adlai fantasizes about a rosy future where angry noisemakers prevent a blocksize hardfork from ever going through, leaving us with the ample room provided by the segwit compromise.02:54
adlaioops, off-/topic. sorry.02:54
adlaiactually it's precisely on-topic, since there's nothing against long-term bitcoin nondevelopment.02:54
gmaxwelllol.02:55
gmaxwellAny good political system has infrastructure for deadlock coded into its DNA.02:55
adlaithe political system baked into nakamoto-money is... selling it.02:55
adlai(or buying, if that's your style)02:56
adlaior has satoshi saved his keys, for the day when he must sign-off on an unnecessary yet insufficient hardfork?02:56
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fluffyponywhat if adlai == satoshi?03:01
fluffyponydun dun dun DUN03:01
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proslogionhi, so are we going anywhere with OP_SIDECHAINPROOFVERIFY? thanks03:03
JackHor BIP65, 112 and 113?03:06
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kanzureproslogion: i think you can use these instead: OP_WITHDRAWALPROOFVERIFY OP_REORGPROOFVERIFYOP_CHECK_VOTES_VERIFY OP_CHECKMULTISIG03:12
nshhow is a reorg proof verified?03:14
kanzureoops yes those were two separate things, OP_REORGPROOFVERIFY OP_CHECK_VOTES_VERIFY03:14
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ajJackH: bip65 is done? 68, 112 and 113 are pending versionbits implementation because classic mining messes up IsSuperMajority aiui03:31
JackHso we have to wait for versionbits before we can enable them?03:32
JackHbip65 is done, but was that not just node policy?03:33
aj65 is cltv; 68 is nSequence03:33
JackHargh, my bad, I switched them around03:33
JackH68, yes03:33
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JackHso what, we are stalling because of classic now?03:42
JackHand we cant deploy what is arguably the most important BIP's ever ?03:43
ajmore of a scenic detour than an outright stall03:47
JackHbut versionsbits still requires the same from miners as these 3 bips03:48
JackHso detour or not, if the classic miners blocks any feature coming from core...03:48
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ajIsSuperMajority would incorrectly count classic miners that don't implement 68/112/113 as voting for it (because their super high version is greater than 5 or whatever we're up to), versionbits just makes it possible to correctly count support03:49
ajclassic has a bit under 5% of blocks, so they can't block it alone atm03:50
JackHhence this applies to 68, 112 and 113 as well03:50
JackHand there is no need to wait for versionbits03:50
JackHunless we can live with a sequential push03:51
ajwithout versionbits a 95% trigger would be activated with only 90.5% support (the additional 4.5% of classic nodes would put it over the limit)03:51
aj(assuming classic support doesn't increase in the meantime)03:51
ajs/classic nodes/classic blocks/03:51
JackHwell node count shouldn count for much in this case03:51
ajyeah, i mistyped03:52
JackHso, either classic block discovery decreases, or we have to deploy versionbits before we can do 68, 112 and 11303:52
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JackHso what will 0.12.1 then contain in respect to the above?03:54
ajhttps://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/7575 and https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/7648 i'd guess?03:58
JackHalright, makes perfect sense now04:01
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JackHso merge it already04:14
adlaiJackH: merge it yourself! or have you not yet forked bitcoin?04:16
* adlai grumbles something about this being such a short-term question04:16
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adlaifluffypony: you know i'm actually just barely old enough to have been able to invent bitcoin (i read and understood the whipetater in jan '09), although i doubt i'd have had the time to write the code myself, had i thought of it myself.04:18
adlaibut don't ask my deans, they definitely would think that i had enough time-not-spent-on-classes to have done so.04:19
fluffyponylol04:19
adlaialthough arguably, "old enough to invent bitcoin" means "stopped caring enough to shave, many moons before eternal september"04:20
* adlai would not have cared enough to invent bitcoin had he not heard about bitcoin first04:20
adlai(and yes, satoshi was a man. cue Carlin's "no woman would've fucked things up this badly")04:23
adlaihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPOfurmrjxo04:24
adlai^^^ CAUTION: ANY AND ALL URLs CAN AND MAY LEAD TO TIME-STEALING MALWARE ^^^04:24
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nanashoam i wrong to assume that coinwhomustnotbenamed will have the same blockchain growth issues05:12
nanasho28x as fast, actually?05:12
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proslogionnanasho: https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/12/24/understanding-serenity-part-i-abstraction/05:21
proslogionquote: "An important consequence of this is that Serenity introduces a model where all transactions (that satisfy basic formatting checks) are valid; transactions that are currently “invalid” will in Serenity simply have no effect (the invalid opcode in the code above simply points to an unused opcode, immediately triggering an exit from code execution). This does mean that transaction inclusion in a block is no longer a guarantee that t05:21
proslogionhe transaction was actually executed; "05:21
proslogioni interpret it as:"all sorts sh*t you can come up with will go into the blocks, no matter if you pay some gases"05:22
adlainanasho: not just blockchain, but also ~state~05:22
adlaiproslogion: this is true for bitcoin, too.05:23
nanashoothercoin will centralize fast if it cant handle its blocksize05:23
nanashowith proof of stake around the corner also05:23
proslogionadlai: how? you need to pay fees to have your tx mined, in most of the cases05:24
adlaiyeah but you don't need to pay fees to have your data mined.05:25
adlai(exercise left for the alert lurker)05:25
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proslogioni think with OP_RETURN you need to burn some outputs, of coz in theory you can burn 005:28
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maakujonasschnelli: for what it's worth, there are many useful applications for loading UTXO dumps12:41
maakui think that's code that should exist12:41
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bramcHey everybody. I've got a very early draft of a new BIP ready, early enough that I don't really want to send it to the list yet. Is there a sucker^H^H^H^H^H^Hvolunteer who would like to give feedback on it?15:31
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JackHwhat does it do15:35
bramcJackH: It adds a not valid after time to transactions15:36
maakubramc: you know the probability of this being accepted is ~0?15:36
maakuunless you added a 100-block maturity period, but that would eliminate many (most?) use cases15:37
bramcmaaku: I disagree with you on that point. There are some reasonable qualms about it, but there are strong arguments in favor and I believe I have argued it well. Notably my motivation and rationale sections are longer than most BIPs are in total.15:37
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bramcmaaku: A 100 block maturity period doesn't eliminate the most important use cases. I can send you then document if you'd like to see the argument15:38
bramcBecause it would be silly for me to repeat my arguments badly on IRC when you could be reading the actual document and giving useful feedback on it.15:38
maakusorry i wouldn't have time. just wanted to save you from wasting your time :\15:39
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JackHis it on github yet bramc15:42
bramcJackH: No not on github yet, is that the preferred way to solicit feedback?15:43
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JackHI personally would like it there, but cant speak for all15:43
JackHeasy browseable15:43
bramcI was thinking email, but github has handy suggested edits15:43
JackHyep that too15:43
bramcOkay here you go https://github.com/bramcohen/NotValidAfter/blob/master/Transaction_expirations.txt15:48
bramcFeedback much appreciated15:49
nanashocan it only be done using segwit? :(15:49
bramcnanasho: Unfortunately yes, the extension hooks pre-segwit suck too badly15:50
bramcOtherwise I'd have written something months ago15:50
nanashoi think segwit is an accounting trick to fool miners15:51
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bramcNo segwit is a bug fix to something core to how bitcoin transactions work coupled with improved hooks for future extensions and some extra space in blocks as a bonus15:52
bramcCalling it an 'accounting trick' is rather silly. It increases effective block size. Perhaps it does that in a way which is too purple or green, the effect is the same.15:53
bramcActual feedback would be appreciated15:55
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* nsh science spideysense tingles15:57
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nanashoif sigs (witness data) is not stored in blocks, how can the sig of an old (segwit) transaction reliably be stored?15:59
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nshbramc, can you handwave through this bit? 'WRITEME details of how it's made possible by segwit and works with that go here'16:00
andytoshinanasho: that question makes no sense. the signature data is committed to just like the rest of the data. whether it is "in a block" depends on what you consider to be a block16:00
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Luke-Jrnanotube: it is stored in blocks16:06
Luke-Jrbramc: can you mediawiki it? :/16:08
Luke-Jrbramc: preferred form for review is a fork of the bips repo16:08
funkenstein_nanasho, good question16:08
bramcnsh: Unfortunately I can't. nullc told me that it's fairly trivial after segwit and I believe him16:09
nshkk16:10
nshi need to better understand segwit anyway. should read up16:10
nanashobramc, that sounds bad if you ask me16:11
nshwas just thinking about the possibility of transactions having an invalidation pubkey which means clients seeing a future transaction that includes the corresponding privkey as an 0 value input would remove it from mempool and not mine16:11
nanashoso signatures are "somewhere else", but we havent really figured this out. still segwit is due in one month if yo u believe the roadmap. crazy stuff16:12
nshwhich might be complementary to blockheight expiry16:12
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Elielnsh: segwit lays down the foundation for script language upgrades as a soft-fork. I understood that you could even add support for a completely new scripting language as a soft-fork with it.16:15
Luke-Jrnanasho: signatures are not somewhere else16:15
nanashothere not part of the tx hashing process. so why should they be stored in the blockchain? they are not needed to verify the hash. (in case of segwit)16:16
nanasho*they're16:16
Elielnanasho: they're not part of tx hashes, but they end up as part of the block hash.16:16
Luke-Jrnanasho: yes they are16:16
Elielbecause they're hashes separately16:16
Luke-Jrnanasho: they're hashed into the block, just not the txids16:16
nanashoEliel, care to elaborate?16:16
Luke-Jrwhich is kinda the point16:16
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Elielnanasho: more accurately, in the softfork segwit, they're actually hashed into the coinbase transaction.16:17
nanashohow can old clients consider the block invalid if the hash in the coinbase is rubbish?16:17
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nanashothey wouldnt know would they?16:18
maakunanasho: see every soft fork ever16:18
Elielnanasho: they don't care about the coinbase input where that is stored.16:18
Luke-Jrnanasho: that's what softforks are16:18
nanashoso a hash of witness data is in the coinbase transaction16:19
nanashoof all txs in the block16:19
bramcnsh: I'm not sure what the use case for that would be. The claim that transactions which can become invalidated are potentially dangerous has some validity, I'm justifying a not valid after for a very specific use case where other hacks couldn't work.16:19
Elielnanasho: yes, a merkle root for them I think was what goes in there.16:19
nanashook16:19
nshit would make things more chaotic and therefore entertaining16:20
nanashobut where do i get the witness data 2 weeks down the line? the blockchain only stores the merkle root :3 where are the sigs16:20
Luke-Jrnanasho: no, the blockchain stores all the data as it does now16:20
Luke-Jrand just like you can prune now, you can prune with segwit too16:20
nsh(no, but i'm interested in the kinds of attacks that might be facilitated by transaction invalidation and you don't usually get to find out about things quickly until they exist)16:21
Elielnanasho: old nodes won't even download it. Upgraded nodes will download it and store it.16:21
nanashoEliel, where?16:21
nsh(i think we should make all kinds of silly decisions in non-omgsrsbsns experimental/side chains)16:21
Elielnanasho: as part of the block.16:21
nanasholuke says, on the blockchain. you say, old nodes wont see it. how can this be if it is on the blockchain, or is it not16:21
Elielnanasho: as far as old nodes are concerned, the witness data doesn't exist. For upgraded nodes, it's part of the block. Not that difficult.16:22
bramcLuke-Jr: I don't know mediawiki. Are you asking for me to post in a particular place?16:22
nanashoand where in the block is it stored?16:23
Luke-Jrbramc: every BIP is written in mediawiki. just copy the formatting from one16:23
nanashofor upgraded nodes to find16:23
Luke-Jrbramc: it's the format16:23
nanashothe what16:23
Luke-Jrnanasho: after the outputs16:23
bramcLuke-Jr: Okay I'll do that later16:24
Elielnanasho: The block structure has been extended with new datafields in the upgraded version. That's where it's stored.16:24
Luke-Jrnanasho: the current format is: <version><inputs+signatures><output_scripts><locktime>16:25
Luke-Jrnanasho: the new format is: <version><inputs><output_scripts><signatures><locktime>16:25
nanashoi see16:25
Luke-Jrnanasho: currently, the txid is H(transaction)16:25
Luke-Jrwith segwit, the txid is H(<version><inputs+empty signatures><output_scripts><locktime)16:25
nanashoalright16:26
nanashoand the missing part, sigs16:26
nanashois in the coinbase16:26
funkenstein_Luke-Jr> nanasho: no, the blockchain stores all the data as it does now  <--  really?16:26
nanashoit actually makes sense16:26
Luke-Jrnanasho: the sigs are in the transaction after the output scripts, but not used in the txid hashing16:26
Luke-Jrfunkenstein_: yes16:26
nanashohmm16:26
Elielnanasho: it's not actually in the coinbase as such. Only the merkle root is.16:26
nanashoyeah but you'd need all sigs to create the merkle root yourself16:27
funkenstein_hmm i am confused, i thought there was a space reduction16:27
nanashoso it is needed for verification16:27
nanashomaking it part of the blockchain16:27
Luke-Jrnanasho: yes, it's part of the block16:27
Luke-Jrfunkenstein_: there isn't.16:27
Luke-Jrfunkenstein_: a 2 MB segwit block uses the same space as a 2 MB HF block16:27
nshbut if it was a 2MB block of pure lead vs. a 2MB block of classic features16:28
Elielnanasho: yes, I think you got it now.16:28
nshwhich would be more truthy?16:28
Luke-Jrif you're willing to *trust* old blocks, you'll be able to skip downloading parts of the blockchain (ie, better pruning), but this is a security reduction, not full nodes anymore16:28
nsh*feathers16:28
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Luke-Jrnsh: what?16:28
nshnm, bad joke. mauled16:28
funkenstein_Luke-Jr, thank you - i will go read in more detail16:28
Luke-Jrschnorr signatures, a different softfork, can reduce the size of transactions significantly, and doing that softfork is made easier with segwit - but it is in the end a separate feature/softfork entirely16:29
Luke-Jrschnorr signatures allows you to provide 1 signature for *all* the inputs, rather than N signatures for N inputs16:30
maakuwell, schnorr signature agregation, to be pedantic16:30
Luke-Jrwhich also means CoinJoins become much more valuable for compression16:30
nshyeah, that proposal is great imho16:30
nshcombined with some external mechanism to facilitate wide coinjoins it would go a long way to improving a bunch of stuff at once16:31
ElielAlthough, the practical effect of schnorr after segwit, for transaction throughput, is less than you might expect from the numbers.16:31
Luke-JrI wonder if there's a way to allow miners to do the signature combining somehow16:31
Luke-Jrwould be nice if the entire block could just have one sig :P16:31
nshheh, aye...16:31
nshi don't think you can eliminate interactivity16:31
maakuLuke-Jr: yes, that's what OWAS is16:32
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maakuit involves new crypto assumptions however16:32
nshpairing?16:32
maakuyes16:32
maakuhttps://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=290971.016:32
nshcould be enabled as a softfork with transactions using an opcode to signify trust in the pairing crypto and allowing miners to aggregate their signatures16:33
nshbut it could be argued that this affects fidelity for people not electing to trust the crypto16:33
maakuIt's not as interesting as it seems for privacy reasons though, because anyone listening on the network hears about the original transaction form, and knows the inputs + outputs16:33
maakuIt's also fairly slow, compared with schnorr16:34
nshwell, it puts an ongoing storage cost on deaggregation which is nonzero16:34
nshbut utah is a big place16:34
Luke-Jrmaaku: slow to verify?16:34
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Luke-Jrhmm, I wonder if it would break pruning16:34
maakuLuke-Jr: yes. Not unacceptably, but yes.16:34
nshwhere acceptably is understood as/16:35
nsh?16:35
maakuyes to slow to verify, no it wouldn't break pruning16:35
nshah16:35
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nanashoshort recap, upgraded nodes store sigs/witness data, but old nodes dont, they see anyone can spend transactions, correct?16:43
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maakunanasho: they don't 'see' anything. they see 'other people's transactions'16:45
maakufull nodes don't bother classifying transactions as anyone can spend or otherwise16:46
kanzureand even if they did, that classification would be useless because "anyone can spend" is not a guarantee about ordering :P16:46
maakubut other than that quibble about meaning, your understanding of the technology is correct16:46
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nanashohm ok16:48
nanashoold nodes see an empty sig ... wouldn't some people try to spend those outputs?16:48
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maakui guess. does it matter?16:54
maakudid you know that reused P2SH addresses are anyone can spend?16:54
maaku(under the old rules)16:54
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bsm1175321proslogion: Re: Serenity, one of my big concerns is that they haven't actually solved the problem of sharding the blockchain.  Instead they introduced an economic incentive to not-cross-shards, without any technical proposal to organize things in shards.  This will cause tremendous breakage as expected gas costs go up because old contracts are (unknowingly) crossing shards.19:38
bsm1175321Economic incentives are fuzzy and malleable and depend on ambient conditions and are not to be depended on, unless you're blocked by a theorem that forces you to consider it as the only way to achieve consensus.19:39
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bsm1175321Economic conditions arise that cause assets to have a net negative value if you're holding them, which is why shorting exists, but is counter to the notion that technical problems can be solved by coin-quantity-maximizing miners.  Technical solutions are always preferred over economic incentives.19:41
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bsm1175321I'm not convinced that sharding is a problem that cannot be solved by purely technical means.19:42
funkenstein_wrong channel bro?  :)19:48
bsm1175321No.  funkmeister.  Responding to a comment from earlier today.19:48
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bsm1175321Taek: Just did some calculations: the minimum theoretically allowed bead time using a braid is 61ms.  With a blockchain it is 200ms.  (Both are due to the geometry of the Earth and speed of light).  This is *far* too slow to have individually mined transactions.  Details to follow...20:45
bsm1175321Or another way to look at it: the braid structure buys more than a factor of 3 in increasing the speed of blockchains.20:45
funkenstein_:o this i want to see20:46
* bsm1175321 whips it out for funkenstein_20:46
funkenstein_lol20:47
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bsm1175321One can push these average numbers down, at the cost of higher variance in the block/cohort time.20:48
bsm1175321Taek: the problem is that if everyone on the surface of the earth is quickly transmitting transactions, there is no definable "checkpoint" which everyone can agree on a consistent ledger state.  Each participant sees local transactions faster.  In terms of the propagation time across the network, imagine each node is emitting transactions at 1000 per propagation time.  The system would never converge.  Cohort size20:51
bsm1175321Here the logical analog of a "block" is "every participant sees the exact same ledger state".20:52
funkenstein_consensus is always probabilistic20:52
funkenstein_i see where you're coming from though, its helpful to have a limit20:54
bsm1175321funkenstein_: no, it's not.20:54
funkenstein_there's a chance of reorg which reduces exponentially with depth20:55
bsm1175321This system has no possibility for reorgs.20:55
funkenstein_all measurement is also probabilistic20:55
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funkenstein_no reorgs?  if i see one side of a double spend first, somebody else sees the other...  one of us has to give20:57
bsm1175321Well, let's put it this way: I'm assuming mining is equally distributed around the globe, and assuming a network which is has the same fairness/performance for all participants, in the above numbers.  If you're willing to centralize mining and live close to it, you can get faster.  But two mining centers on opposite sides of the globe will always decide on the side with more hashpower.20:57
bsm1175321funkenstein_: reorgs today are caused almost entirely by the non-synchronicity of the network, and miners producing blocks at nearly the same time, not double-spends.  My braiding work is intended to address that.  Double-spends still revert to most-work-wins.20:59
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funkenstein_is there an implementation in the works?  or other paper than your scalingbitcoin presentation?21:00
bsm1175321Once I figure out all my shit...yes.  It's hard to implement things you haven't figured out.  ;-)21:01
bsm1175321There is a paper that I've been distracted from finishing.  Soon...21:01
funkenstein_interesting stuff, looking forward to it :)21:02
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bsm1175321FWIW, some python code for generating braids, evaluating rewards, and plotting will be published alongside the paper.21:03
bsm1175321The algorithms all rely on graph_tool which is based on the Boost Graph Library, so are straightforwardly importable into Bitcoin.21:05
funkenstein_i see this as being more interesting towards decentralizing other types of database21:08
bsm1175321Possibly.21:08
bsm1175321What's your interest?21:08
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funkenstein_something like a repository21:09
funkenstein_git repo21:09
bsm1175321funkenstein_: FWIW the structure deeply relies on the ability to determine that two transactions are not *conflicting*.  In the context of Bitcoin this means double-spends (usually) but in the context of Ethereum it also means data dependency.  In other words, transactions must commute.  Or git commits must be reorderable without conflicts.21:10
bsm1175321Depending on the complexity of your system, just determining that two transactions are reorderable can be extremely complex.  I'm seriously worried that my work will be useless for Ethereum due to data dependencies.21:11
funkenstein_right, but i guess your main point here is that sometimes different sets of transactions don't conflict21:11
bsm1175321Exactly.  For Bitcoin it's easy: the don't spend the same UTXO's.  But for Ethereum, they have to leave the entire state the same if you reorder them.  This can be very hard to determine.21:12
bsm1175321Now in Ethereum if you ask for a pairwise commutator it's pretty easy, but now ask for pairwise commutators for all 1000 transactions in a block, and ask whether *any* reordering is possible?  This is an exponentially complex problem.21:14
bsm1175321Oddly, in the end, I think I can make Bitcoin faster than Ethereum because of this!21:14
bsm1175321(or a bitcoin-like-coin without the Ethereum state machine)21:15
funkenstein_that's better ;)21:15
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bsm1175321By restricting Bitcoin scripts to be context free (they can't refer to blockchain state), Satoshi avoided this problem (but also delayed payment channels and Lightning by many years).21:36
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Taekthe network would converge just fine, as long as everyone had enough bandwidth to see transactions as fast as they were appearing22:08
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Taekmeaning, if 1000 transactions are appearing per propagation period, but you can download 1200 per propagation period, you will be eventually convergent22:08
Taekyour instant state will always be different from people in a different locality, but as far as anything with multiple propagation periods of confirmations go, you're fine22:09
bsm1175321Define "convergent".  In such a scenario, no two particpants ever see the same UTXO state.22:09
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bsm1175321(this is not necessarily incompatible with consensus, mind you -- I just don't see how it works, right now)22:09
Taekit means that after a certain period of time they will be in agreement about whether a specific transaction appears in the full set22:10
Taekthey may not have an identical UTXO set at any particular point, but they will have an identical interpretation for a certain output, provided no new transactions for that output have been produced recently22:10
Taekthis is completely fine22:10
bsm1175321So in such a scenario, there is no "checkpoint" in which UTXO sets can be compared.  So how do I define "in agreement"?22:10
Taekyou have an exact ordering for transactions22:10
bsm1175321They would only be in agreement if new tx's stopped for a time period roughly the size of the propagation time across the network.22:11
bsm1175321A braid does *not* have an exact ordering.  You and I would disagree on the ordering.22:11
Taekit's the same thing with blocks though, you don't have any guarantee that the whole world has the same utxo set22:11
bsm1175321(based on first-seen)22:11
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Taekyou can't know if someone else has seen a block that hasn't propagated to you yet22:12
Taekbut you can know that a given transaction has 6 confirmations22:12
Taekin txn-POW, 6 confirmations would not be enough (because you might be doing 100 or 1000 txn per propagation period). You might want 10,000 confirmations before being certain22:12
bsm1175321Ok so let me take your argument.  Let's assume you and I have different UTXO sets because we've seen different sets of transactions, and the tx's happen so rapidly that you and I cannot clearly define a comparison point.  How do we know that we have "consensus"?22:13
Taekwe have consensus on older transactions22:13
Taekwe don't need to be in perfect consensus about new stuff, we treat it as unconfirmed22:13
bsm1175321So "older" defines a comparison point.22:13
Taekmore or less22:13
bsm1175321How do you define that comparison point?22:13
Taekso22:14
TaekI don't think there's any need to define an exact comparison point. I don't think there's utility in doing so22:14
Taekbut, if you really want one, there's a fairly simple way to do it22:14
bsm1175321I'm using "cohorts" which I've defined a few times, but ask if it's not clear.22:14
TaekFor the time being I'm describing the system I designed, which has no sense of cohorts, given a set of transactions that point to eachother you can always arrive at an exact ordering22:14
bsm1175321There is absolutely a need to define an exact comparison point.  Or otherwise a different comparison mechanism.  (what is it?)22:15
bsm1175321I'm defining "consensus" as "agreement on UTXO set".  If you want to define consensus in a different way, that's fine, but what is it?22:15
Taekin Bitcoin, there arrives a point in time where you've achieved certainty that a transaction will not be reorg'd out of the chain22:15
Taekoften this is 6 known confirmations, but in some scenarios you may only need 2 or (like during the SPV mining incident) you may want 100+ confirmations22:16
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Taeknot everyone is going to arrive at 6 confirmations at the exact same point in time, because blocks take time to propagate22:16
bsm1175321So, a "confirmation" is a total ordering.  DAGs and braids are only partial ordered.  A cohort defines a total ordering, and regardless of your assumptions, cohorts will exist, and still define a total order.22:16
Taekthe graphs I described had an exact ordering, because they were not based on first-seen, they were based on total amount of work that they point to22:17
bsm1175321In the presence of partial ordering (only) one needs a new notion of "confirmation".22:17
Taekand in the event of a tie, a deterministic random process was used to break the tie22:17
Taekthe graphs I described do not have partial ordering, they have exact ordering!22:18
bsm1175321BTW have you read the Iota whitepaper?  They use a scoring which does something similar.22:18
bsm1175321Ok, I see.22:18
bsm1175321So what do you do with "siblings" as I define them?  -- You use the mined work (not the target work)?22:19
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Taekthe target is defined by what parents you point to, and the amount of 'weight' added to the chain is defined by the target22:21
bsm1175321Argh, here's the problem...as the tx rate increases, you have siblings of siblings of siblings.  In order to order them, you have to have a starting point, and a subset you're going to order (a cohort).  If the transaction rate is too high, the only starting point is the genesis block.  If the tx rate is too high, you will *never* generate a cohort, and never be able to define a subset with a clear start and end p22:22
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Taek'too high' would need to be higher than the amount of bandwidth available to the miner22:23
Taekbut that's the whole reason we have a difficulty in the first place - it's a ratelimit22:23
Taekas long as you pick a sane ratelimit for the speed of transactions, you'll converge22:24
bsm1175321It's not bandwidth, it's causality.  If tx's are generated much faster than the propagation time across the network, you will never be able to decide a subset to total order.22:24
Taekthat's not correct22:24
Taekso22:24
Taektransactions will always point to a finite number of parents22:24
bsm1175321I agree with your previous statements up to "that's not correct".  ;-)22:24
Taekand from those parents you can build a coherent exact ordering22:25
Taekso what happens is you end up with a bunch of different exact orderings from transaction chains that haven't seen eachother22:25
Taekoh22:25
Taek'chaintips' is the word I've been using for it22:25
Taekso you might have any number of chaintips with ~equal work22:25
bsm1175321I'm assuming (per your slides) tx = chaintips.22:26
Taek(or even exactly equal work, depending on how the difficulty is managed)22:26
bsm1175321or tx per block/bead...22:26
Taeka chaintip is a txn for which there is no known child22:26
bsm1175321agreed22:26
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Taekso  lets assume a system where the throughput is higher than the propagation speed, and therefore you always have ~10 chaintips22:27
bsm1175321So you order possible parents.  What happens when you're 18 levels deep in ordering parents?  I argue a total order doesn't exist.22:27
Taekand by the time people have seen and merged those 10 chaintips, you have 10 new chaintips22:27
bsm1175321fuck now I have to prove that...22:27
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Taekno, you only pay attention to the longest chaintip you know of22:28
Taekjust like in bitcoin22:28
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bsm1175321So...how do you relate the parents of your parent, to the parents you are choosing?22:28
Taekin Bitcoin, you only pay attention to the longest chain22:28
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Taekoh22:28
bsm1175321And how do you compare the merging of two sibling chains?22:28
Taekare you asking about how you arrive at an exact ordering?22:29
bsm1175321yes22:29
Taekok, this is described better in the slides22:29
Taekbut22:29
bsm1175321In graph theory it's called "total order"22:29
Taeknoted22:29
bsm1175321a > b vs. a >= b.22:29
bsm1175321total vs. partial.22:29
Taekah22:29
Taekokay, I will use that terminology going forward22:29
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Taekso, each node has a collection of nodes in the DAG that it points to22:30
TaekI don't know what to call them, so temporarily I'll just say 'P'22:30
bsm1175321parents, sure.22:31
bsm1175321I find the geneaological analogies very useful in this...22:31
TaekI mean that it includes grand parent, great-grand-parents, etc.22:31
bsm1175321ancestors22:31
Taekoh. huh we have I word for that after all22:31
Taeklol22:31
Taekok22:31
bsm1175321;-)22:32
moaforbears22:32
bsm1175321ancestors/descendants for all generations, parents/children for one generation.  It's a useful analogy ;-)22:32
Taekso, if you are pointing to multiple parents, there is a rule that none of the parents can be ancestors to eachother22:32
TaekA <- B <- C ===> C is not allowed to point to both B and A, because B already includes A22:33
bsm1175321Yeah.  I tried to convince the Iota people of that without success.  If you're using scoring of some kind, that rule *may* not be useful... but then I have to examine your scoring.22:33
bsm1175321Anyway, agreed and understood.22:33
Taekso, you score things by counting the total amount of work in a node's ancestors (including the node itself)22:33
Taekthen, when picking an ordering, you prefer the ancestor that has more total work22:34
Taekin the event of an exact tie, you use your own id (the POW hash) to randomly select a winner22:34
bsm1175321Ok so the first conflict there is siblings, which are by definition an exact tie.22:34
bsm1175321They're a depth-1 tie.22:34
bsm1175321Ok, you can use the PoW hash like that...22:35
bsm1175321Though I mentioned something similar in this channel a long time ago, and there was frothing at the mouth...I don't remember why...22:35
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bsm1175321IOW do you use the target difficulty, or the actual hash value to decide total collective work?22:36
TaekA <- B | A <- C | B <- D | C <- D ===> A has value 1, B & C have value 2, D has value 4. D randomly selects between B and C for which comes first, then you end up with a total ordering that is deterministically either A < B < C < D or A < C < B < D22:37
Taek(but it's deterministic)22:37
Taekok, now we will add the final rule, which is the tricky part but I think what will sove your N-tie problem22:37
bsm1175321In order to get (statistically) deterministic orderings, you need to use the hash value instead of the target difficulty.  (which is the idea that caused frothing at the mouth...memory...jogging...)22:38
Taeklet's add 2 new nodes: A <- E | E <- F | D <- F22:38
Taek(you need to use the target difficulty otherwise you open yourself to various forms of intelligent withholding attacks. Someone who unintentionally gets a very lucky number can withhold it and cause a huge reorg)22:39
TaekF is conirming 2 chaintips, E & D22:39
bsm1175321Using the target difficulty means that siblings (diamond graphs) are undecidable for a total ordering.22:39
TaekA is a common ancestor in both, so it comes before anything that follows22:39
Taek(no you use the hash as a random variable that selects an ordering - it's not the same as favoring the hash value. The random number that's generated is separate, and therefore can't be abused)22:40
TaekThen D has more work, so all ancestors to D are next22:40
Taekthen E, and finally F22:40
bsm1175321Any hash value can be abused by grinding.22:41
Taekthe total ordering is therefore A < B < C < D < E < F22:41
bsm1175321So let me distill everything you're saying...22:41
Taekbsm1175321: that is true, except in this case you'd need to do enough grinding to find the target at least one more time, which takes the same amount of working as just adding another confirmation, which would achieve the same thing22:41
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bsm1175321You're arguing there's a way to define a total ordering on a DAG/braid, in a way that can't be gamed.  No?22:42
Taekyes, I'm arguing that22:43
bsm1175321Ok.22:44
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Taekif you take a 4 node diamond, a bc d, you can use min(H(d || b), H(d || c)) to pick an exact ordering in a way that can't be gamed22:44
bsm1175321So, I think one can still reorder beads within a cohort.22:45
Taekgaming would require finding an alternate value for 'd', which would require completely redoing the POW22:45
bsm1175321So a cohort is an absolute, irrefutable total ordering on a DAG.22:46
bsm1175321Everything you're saying is *within* a cohort.22:46
Taek(is the HK presentation the most recent public version of your work?)22:46
bsm1175321So your argument is then that one can't gain an advantage by reordering within a cohort.22:46
Taekwell, I'm aruging that reording within a cohort would take at least as much work as just adding more nodes22:47
bsm1175321which I think means that a vendor/adversary should wait until the end of the cohort, and no possible DAG reordering is possible, no?22:47
bsm1175321yes sadly I haven't published anything since HK, been busy.  :-/22:47
Taekcan you redefine cohort?22:48
TaekI'm not 100% clear on the definition22:48
bsm1175321It's pretty easy to add DAG nodes by withholding beads.22:48
Taekright, but I don't think there's any advantage you gain by withholding beads22:49
bsm1175321    \item[cohort] The union of $b$ with all its siblings and its siblings22:49
bsm1175321        siblings, recursively; the largest set of beads such that no bead in the22:49
bsm1175321        set is an ancestor or descendant of every other bead in the set.22:49
Taek*in my design, where each transaction is a bead with an acceptable POW22:49
bsm1175321where $b$ is any bead (or txn in your case)22:49
Taekok, so in my system, you might actually have infinite sized cohorts22:50
bsm1175321semicolon separates equivalent definitinos.22:50
bsm1175321yes.22:50
Taekbut this is not an issue22:50
bsm1175321And, I worry, an inability to define a total ordering.22:50
bsm1175321If you use target difficulty as total ordering, it's definitely true, at high enough txn rate, you will always have siblings at equal depth/difficulty/block height, and cannot perform a total order.22:51
bsm1175321Taek: which, I realized an hour or so ago, means there is a maximum bead rate, and you can use this to define a target difficulty in such a way as to maximize the (bead) throughput of the network.22:53
bsm1175321But, I would love to hear an idea about consensus in the absence of cohorts!22:56
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Taekthere is a maximum bead rate in my system too, though I think that it's approximately the bandwidth of whatever node is listening. If your bandwidth is below that, you can't be sure you've got the longest chain because you can't see everything that's being built22:57
Taekbut, it should be independent of latency. Higher latency means you need more confirmations before being certain that something is confirmed22:57
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Taekthe key in my system is that you can take any set of nodes and built a total ordering22:58
bsm1175321Don't forget about the geometry of the Earth.22:58
Taek*build22:58
bsm1175321That defines being able to "see everything".22:58
Taekwell, you need to have all the ancestors of every bead you are considering22:59
bsm1175321And really I'm using "geometry of Earth" as a poor man's proxy for "topology of the network"22:59
Taekbut your universe does not need to match anyone else's universe, and indeed the assumption is that it does not22:59
Taekthe assumption is only that at some point you will see every node that they currently see22:59
Taekand you may have new nodes that they don't see at that point, but that's okay22:59
Taekthings with enough confirmations (several propagation periods of confirmations) can be safely assumed to be in every set23:00
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TaekJust like in Bitcoin23:00
Taekhmm. I think I haven't broken it down all the way, but I'm not sure how to break it down further23:01
TaekI think of it like a zipper23:01
Taek*an infinite zipper23:01
Taekthere are prongs in front of you that aren't confirmed yet, there's the zipper of consensus, and there's a weave of prongs behind the zipper that have confirmations23:01
Taekthere's always stuff that's not fully woven, but there's also definitely stuff behind the zipper that would take great effort to unweave23:02
bsm1175321So what I realized today: increasing difficulty (obviously) increases the cohort time, and your graph approximates a blockchain.  But also *decreasing* cohort time also *increases* the cohort time because of the siblings-of-siblings effect.23:02
TaekI haven't written proof for it, and I'm only 90% sure it's true, but I believe that in my graph, in order to reorg a total ordering that has 10 confirmations, you would need to merge a chaintip that's got at least 10 nodes in it23:02
Taek*10 new nodes23:03
bsm1175321eh.  English.  But also *decreasing* cohort /difficulty/ also *increases* the cohort time because of the siblings-of-siblings effect.23:03
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bsm1175321In other words, there's a local minima.  ;-)  And, a maximum network speed, that fundamentally comes from the network topology.23:04
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Taekif you need finite cohors, which in my design is not required23:04
bsm1175321(given my definitions of total ordering in terms of cohorts)23:04
bsm1175321Agreed.23:05
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Taekin my design, if you've got on average unmerged chaintips of depth 10, then 10 confirmations would be equivalent to 1 propagation period of confirmatoins. You'd want to wait several, but a node with 50 or 500 confirmations is unlikely to be reorg'd away because in 1 propagation period a single chaintip only ever gets ahead by about 1023:06
bsm1175321So, let's assume a miner both mines and grinds to get his txn reordered with respect to your decided total ordering.23:06
Taekok23:06
bsm1175321We have to dump the notion of "confirmations" absent a total ordering.23:06
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Taekbut we do have a total ordering23:07
bsm1175321Yes.23:07
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bsm1175321So everyone is using the same target, no?23:07
Taekso, I'm going to simplify things a lot, we're going to assume that all txns have the same target23:07
bsm1175321Let's say I make two txn's which are double-spends, with the same parent(s).23:07
bsm1175321Ok good.23:08
bsm1175321Now, I release the first one to be successfully mined, and continue to mine the second one until it satisfies your second condition which would total order it before the first.23:08
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Taekok. So you first release A <- B, then you grind on 'C' until you get a result A < C < B23:09
bsm1175321Yes.23:09
Taekso, minimally, you need to do 1 work to achieve that. After 1 work, you have 50% chance of success. After 2 works, 66% chance of success, 3:75%, ect23:10
bsm1175321But you don't have cohorts.  So there's no limit as to how long I can grind the second txn to achieve a favorable result.23:11
Taekoh, not fully accurate23:11
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Taekmy probabilities are too low, but it's late and I don't want to derive the exact values23:11
bsm1175321mmm ignoring %, I get your point23:11
Taekright, so I'm going to assume that you've got less than 50% hashrate23:12
bsm1175321Yes.23:12
TaekAfter you release A <- B, everyone else is mining on top of B23:12
bsm1175321That's fine though, since A<C and time is not measured.23:12
Taekwell, by the time you find 'C', there likely already exists another node23:13
bsm1175321Certainly.  Now you've inserted time measurement into the system...which is something Bitcoin doesn't do...23:13
Taekso now you've got two chaintips, one that's A < B < D and one that's A < C < B23:13
bsm1175321Damn laggy networks.23:14
Taekthere's no sense of time here that Bitcoin doesn't have23:14
TaekBitcoin nodes will prefer the chain they see first in the event of 2 competing chains at the same depth23:14
Taekwe do the same23:14
bsm1175321That's not true.  Bitcoin prefers the chain with more work, using the hash value.23:15
* Taek requests backup.23:15
Taek:p23:15
* bsm1175321 googles23:15
Taekbitcoin nodes prefer the chain they see first, I'm 98% confident about this23:16
bsm1175321As a -wizards conversation, I'm malleable on this point in any case.23:16
Taekok23:17
gwillenBitcoin prefers the chain it sees first, given the same work, but it always prefers more work23:18
gwillenso I think you're both correct because by 'depth' Taek probably meant 'work'23:18
gwillen(in non-pathological cases they'll be the same since every block mined at the same depth should have the same work)23:18
bsm1175321gwillen: "same work" is a statistical impossibility unless we're talking about the actual hash value.23:18
gwillensame target23:19
gwillena hash further below the target doesn't count more23:19
gwillenbut blocks count for work based on their target23:19
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gwillenwhich is what prevents someone mining a parallel chain starting at genesis with only 1 work in each block, to the same depth as the real chain, and winning23:20
gwillenbut as long as someone doesn't mine a fork long enough to cause a retarget down to a lower difficulty... 'depth' and 'work' are the same because legitimate blocks at the same depth are going to have the same target23:21
bsm1175321Taek: So I'm with gwillen on this, if you use the actual hash value, or some other grindable value, a total order is grindable (decidable) by the transaction writer.23:21
gwillenI'm trying to make sure I understand what 'total order' is being used to mean here before I comment23:22
bsm1175321gwillen: so it's only between retargets that actual hash value is taken into account?23:22
Taekto satisfy the POW, the hash value has to be below some target, grinding on the hash value is as expensive as just adding more nodes23:22
gwillenbut I do agree with what you're saying, bsm1175321, if 'total order' means what you're interpreting it to mean23:22
gwillenor what I think you are :-)23:22
bsm1175321gwillen: "total" order is implicit in bitcoin/any blockchain... it's the block height.23:22
gwillenbsm1175321: the actual hash value is never taken into account -- retargets change the target hash value based on the average time to find a block using a preset formula, and work that counts for the chain is always based on the target hash value (the difficulty value)23:23
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gwillenany 'extra' amount that the actual hash is below the target hash is "wasted"23:23
bsm1175321Taek: so per gwillen's response, your algorithm has many equal-ordered siblings, unless you wish to insert another tie-breaker, which can be ground, possibly.23:24
bsm1175321(and I agree, it's easy to make this cost as much as the original mined block)23:25
Taekyou can already reorg txns by doing work23:25
Taekbut yes, if you have enough work, you can reorg txns23:26
bsm1175321gwillen: mining is really first-seen?  So it's easy to attack a mining pool by delaying their network?23:26
TaekI forget what point I was trying to make, what direction are we going?23:26
gwillenhmm, I feel like at one point I was convinced that a grindable tie-breaker was a bad idea for obvious reasons that are worse than just "you can reorg by doing work", but I can't come up with them right now23:26
gwillenbsm1175321: if you delay a mining pool's network, they will lose money, yeah23:26
bsm1175321Taek: hahaaa we were talking whether total ordering with your scheme was doable.23:27
gwillenit will increase their orphan rate, which is the rate at which their successful blocks are ignored by the network because someone else got there first23:27
Taekoh, I think we have had a slightly different definition of total ordering23:27
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bsm1175321You can easily achieve total ordering by network synchronicity (a la Bitcoin) or cohorts in braids.  I'm yet to be convinced of another idea.  ;-)23:28
Taek(one of the big advantages to the txn-POW scheme I've described is that miners on slower networks have a much smaller disadvantage. They are still disadvantaged, but the effect is probably an order of magnitude less)23:28
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bsm1175321Heh.  I want to dis-incentivize the slow bastards off the network.  I have no interest in a slow network.23:29
Taekbsm1175321: my graph scheme can achieve a total ordering from any set of nodes that you give it, and the ordering can only be changed by doing work. The amount of work required to change the ordering is minimally equal to the amount of work on top of whatever txn you are trying ot reorder23:29
bsm1175321gwillen: the definition I'm using has no orphans, because rewards are decided later.23:30
Taekbsm1175321: requiring a fast network connection is a centralization pressure23:30
bsm1175321Taek: I have no doubt that a total ordering can be achieved in the way you describe.  I doubt that it can't be gamed.23:30
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bsm1175321Taek: requiring a fast network is an anti-chinese-communisim-censorship measure.23:31
bsm1175321I see no reason to enable censorship, or slow networks, in my financial system.23:32
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Taekuh23:33
bsm1175321Anyhoo...convince me you can achieve a total ordering...23:33
TaekI don't want to get into that now, maybe someone else can take that one later. Let it be known publically though that I actively think that decentralized mining requires slow connections to be nearly as equally profitable as fast connections.23:34
Taekbsm1175321: you are asking me to convince you that I have achieved a total ordering which can't be gamed23:34
Taekso I will provide a definition of 'gamed'23:34
bsm1175321The system is as fast as its slowest connection.  I desire fast finance...23:34
Taekand I desire decentralized finance :)23:35
Taekthere's a direct tradeoff there23:35
bsm1175321Decentralization behind the great firewall is not decentralization.23:35
Taeksomeone has to decide the speed limit of the network23:35
Taekand that speed limit decides who can participate23:35
Taekurg back to total ordering23:35
bsm1175321Yeah.  More interesting.23:36
Taekok, so my assertion is that a txn with X confirmations (where every decendent counts as a confirmation) cannot be reordered unless a chaintip is merged with at least X previously unmerged txns23:37
bsm1175321Taek: FWIW the 'total order' I define is due to causality...it's impossible for someone on one side of the Earth to know the block/bead a person on the other side of the Earth is constructing.23:37
bsm1175321Bitcoin's "total order" is due to synchronicity: everyone must have seen everything.23:38
bsm1175321Taek: Ok so I create a txn with a parent before your txn and release it after your txn has been "confirmed", what happens?23:39
TaekBitcoin can have 2 nodes that have seen everything yet have different total orders: the case where the two most recent blocks are buidling of a common parent, and some set of nodes saw 1 block first and the other set of nodes saw the other block first23:39
Taekthose nodes will remain inconsistent about which block is the 'real' block until one of the blocks gets more confirmations23:40
Taekbsm1175321: I'm not 100% sure what graph setup you are describing?23:41
bsm1175321Taek: "confirmations" is a total-ordering concept.  Can you redefine it in a partial-ordered world?  What happens when two txns have the same number of confirmations?23:41
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Taekyou mean two conflicting txns?23:41
bsm1175321no.23:41
bsm1175321mmmm maybe.23:41
bsm1175321Ok, yes.23:42
bsm1175321I've totally just discredited myself.23:42
Taeklol23:43
Taekso, if we're requiring a large number of confirmations, two conflicting transactions are unlikely to each get to that large number of confirmations because their respective chaintips will be diverging23:44
Taekone will get ahead of the other, and that chaintip will win the race23:44
bsm1175321Ok, define confirmations?23:44
Taekevery descendant is a confirmation. So in the (a bc d) diamond, 'a' has 4 confirmations (abcd)23:45
Taekb and c each have 2 confirmations, and d has 1 confirmation23:45
bsm1175321The diamond, by assumption, has no conflicts.23:45
Taekright23:45
bsm1175321Here we're talking about double-spends, no?23:45
Taekok23:46
Taekso in the case of (a bc) 'a' actually only has 2 confirmations23:46
Taekitself and one of 'b' or 'c', because 'b' and 'c' have not been merged23:46
Taekand therefore the node will only be considering one of the worldviews (a b) or (a c)23:47
bsm1175321So double spends define a fork.  The UTXO set at the point of that fork is the (sub)set of parents of that txn.  It doesn't have to be a full cohort...23:47
Taekdigesting23:47
bsm1175321So at that point, "confirmations" on the two forks generally will disagree.23:47
Taekyeah I think that's right23:48
Taekbut a node doesn't see the world in terms of forks23:48
bsm1175321There exists a point, that is a parent of both double-spends.23:48
Taekforks describe when two nodes have different worldviews23:49
bsm1175321Mmmm yes it does.  A node has to decide which to mine on top of.23:49
Taekhmm I guess that's not true23:49
Taekdamn I hate the work fork23:49
Taeklol23:49
Taekit's overloaded23:49
bsm1175321hahaahaa23:49
bsm1175321Yeah, go fork yourself. ;-)23:49
Taekok, so a node sees multiple potential chaintips, each with the same work, and some of which might be incompatible, and it's trying to figure out which chaintip to mine on23:50
bsm1175321Title of a recent blog post with 0 readers...23:50
bsm1175321Exactly.  AFAIK in the event of such a tie, it *does* use the hash value.23:50
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Taekgwillen: node will prefer the chaintip it saw first, correct?23:51
Taekassuming same height + total work?23:51
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bsm1175321checking...23:51
Taekregardless, as soon as one of the chaintips has more work, the node will switch to that chaintip23:52
bsm1175321Yes.23:53
bsm1175321In this respect, my description of braids is identical to bitcoin.23:53
Taekok. So you are worried about the world where there are consistently several conflicting chaintips23:53
Taekunmergeable23:53
bsm1175321correct23:53
Taekas a brief aside23:54
bsm1175321And that happens at high txn rate.23:55
Taekbecause you have total ordering for any given universe of nodes, you can actually allow illegal nodes to be merged23:55
Taekif two nodes are in conflict, the one that is earlier in the total ordering is the one that is accepted23:55
Taekbut that's less interesting because it breaks SPV23:55
bsm1175321I chose the word "bead" over "node" because I can't tell whether you're talking about Bitcoin AWS instances...23:55
Taekah yeah23:56
Taekok bead23:56
bsm1175321How can illegal beads be merged?23:56
Taekyou add them as parents.23:57
bsm1175321Well...in your scheme a late-appearing bead could cause a reorg, no?23:57
TaekN late-appearing beads can cause a reorg as deep as N beads23:57
bsm1175321Well conflicting parents define different braids...23:58
bsm1175321And yes, braids can be reorged.23:58
TaekI'm debating whether to keep talking about the case where illegal beads can be merged, or switch back to the situation where illegal beads cannot be merged23:59
--- Log closed Thu Mar 17 00:00:02 2016

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