2014-12-01.log

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nshrecommended: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04sttd701:17
nsh(can get from iplayer later)01:17
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nsh.t http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-2567473802:43
yoleauxnsh: Sorry, I don't know a timezone by that name.02:43
nsh.title02:43
yoleauxBBC News - Battery advance could boost renewable energy take-up02:43
nsh.wik Quinones02:43
yoleaux"A quinone is a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds [such as benzene or naphthalene] by conversion of an even number of –CH= groups into –C(=O)– groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds", resulting in "a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure". The class includes some heterocyclic compounds." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinones02:43
nsh.wik Flow battery02:43
yoleaux"A flow battery , or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of rechargeable battery where rechargeability is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids contained within the system and separated by a membrane.Ion exchange (providing flow of electrical current) occurs through the membrane while both liquids  …" — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_battery02:43
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kanzurebeep05:16
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kanzurehttp://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2014/11/zero-knowledge-proofs-illustrated-primer.html05:49
kanzurehttps://grey.colorado.edu/emergent/index.php/Comparison_of_Neural_Network_Simulators05:51
kanzurecc archels05:52
kanzuresvn checkout --username anonymous --password emergent https://grey.colorado.edu/svn/emergent/emergent/trunk emergent-trunk05:53
kanzurehttps://grey.colorado.edu/emergent/index.php/Screenshots05:54
archelsneat, considerable updates since I last cached it05:56
kanzurearchels: also http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/randall-oreilly/06:00
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faceface_any decent ebay type software?07:46
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kanzurenot really07:47
facefaceyeah...07:55
facefacecould be a nice 'module' for something like drupal07:56
facefaceReported installs: 58 sites currently report using this module07:57
facefacehttps://www.drupal.org/project/auction07:57
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kanzurein general i highly recommend not using drupal08:04
facefaceindeed08:19
facefaceit's a horrible thing08:19
facefacebut the modules are a deep resource08:19
facefaceand for a muppet like me, it can be superficially convenient08:20
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nmz787_i.title http://wiki.backyardbrains.com/Ethical_Issues_Regarding_Using_Invertebrates_in_Education09:42
yoleauxEthical Issues Regarding the Use of Invertebrates in Education - Backyard Brains09:42
kanzure"Criticism: “You are objectifying the cockroach.""09:44
kanzure"Criticism: This is pseudoscience. Electricity doesn't exist."09:44
nmz787_iheh, I didn't see that last one09:49
kanzure"Criticism: You can't prove virtual photons exist. There is only one electron and you are tormenting it."09:54
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chris_99Anyone played around with lasers much10:31
chris_99i'm just looking to get a beam splitter10:31
chris_99to make a laser mic10:31
kanzurechris_99: http://dmundoptics.com/10:31
kanzurechris_99: http://edmundoptics.com/10:32
kanzureor http://thorlabs.com/10:32
chris_99merci, i was just looking @ http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Polarization-Beam-Splitter-Broadband-transparent-450nm-660nm/846524754.html10:32
kanzureask nmz787_i10:32
chris_99aha will do when he's about, cheers10:33
chris_99ah the edmund ones are like $180 alas10:35
nmz787_isimon field sells a kit I believe, or if not, there are cheap kits out there for that10:36
chris_99oh i presume i'd want a non-polarizing one, or does that not make a diff. if i'm using a laser?10:36
nmz787_ia cheap (relative to optics prices) beam splitter is either a prism or a half-silvered mirror10:37
nmz787_ierr10:37
nmz787_imaybe prism is not the right word10:37
chris_99two prisms glued apparenlty10:37
chris_99?10:37
nmz787_ihttp://scitoys.com/scitoys/scitoys/light/light.html#laser_communicator10:38
nmz787_iyeah I think two prisms will do it too10:38
chris_99yeah i want to do it with a beam splitter though, as then it'll catch the reflection at 0deg10:39
nmz787_iI am not sure the difference in quality, but their effect on the beam (mirror vs dual-prism) will likely be different... though you probably don't care10:39
chris_99mmm as long as it works heh10:40
nmz787_iit would probably just mess with the shape a bit10:40
nmz787_ior wavefront10:40
nmz787_ibut I don't think that will matter for audio10:40
nmz787_ifiber optic splitters are just two pieces of fiber optic next to each other10:40
chris_99you think that aliexpress one looks ok?10:41
nmz787_iwhich would also likely be fine for you, though you'd probably need some lenses to pipe the laser into and out of the fiber10:41
nmz787_ihmm, I am not sure about the polarization part10:41
chris_99yeah10:41
chris_99me too10:41
nmz787_iebay seems to have cheaper options10:42
nmz787_ie.g. http://www.ebay.com/itm/ColorMaker-Glass-Cube-Prism-Cross-Dichroic-RGB-Combiner-Splitter-7-8-Cube/251627619901?_trksid=p2047675.c100005.m1851&_trkparms=aid%3D222007%26algo%3DSIC.MBE%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D27538%26meid%3D04715074cca84306b0cb2869991b6210%26pid%3D100005%26prg%3D11353%26rk%3D3%26rkt%3D6%26sd%3D281512318721&rt=nc10:43
nmz787_ior http://www.ebay.com/itm/Eye-of-Horus-Beam-Splitter-for-Khet-2-0-Laser-Game-/191040434353?pt=Games_US&hash=item2c7ae5b0b110:43
chris_99hmm doesn't that look like its composed of 410:43
chris_99prisms10:43
nmz787_ior http://www.ebay.com/itm/50R-50T-Plate-Beamsplitter-32x32x1-1mm-1-Lot-of-5x/221619661926?_trksid=p2047675.c100005.m1851&_trkparms=aid%3D222007%26algo%3DSIC.MBE%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D27538%26meid%3D04715074cca84306b0cb2869991b6210%26pid%3D100005%26prg%3D11353%26rk%3D2%26rkt%3D6%26sd%3D281512318721&rt=nc10:43
nmz787_i5 for $2510:43
nmz787_ialiexpress version isn't much better http://www.aliexpress.com/item/Optical-Beamsplitter-Plate-Half-Reflecting-Mirror/1356879436.html10:45
chris_99on the UK ebay theres none of those cheap ones :(10:45
nmz787_ihuh, how about amazon UK?10:46
nmz787_isome targeted ad just sent me to an amazon search with keywords: Beam Splitter Cube10:46
nmz787_ichris_99: is shipping much from US to UK for something like that, seems like it would be a small packet10:47
chris_99yeah i could definitely do that10:47
chris_99just found http://www.amazon.co.uk/Color-Combining-Dichroic-Splitter-Glass/dp/B00KK9HTIW/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&qid=1417459604&sr=8-15&keywords=beam+splitter10:47
nmz787_ihttp://www.amazon.co.uk/Color-Combining-Dichroic-Splitter-Glass/dp/B00KK9HTIW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1417459648&sr=8-1&keywords=Beam+Splitter+Cube10:47
chris_99but doesn't it look like it's > 2 prisms10:47
nmz787_i$6 pound or whatever10:47
chris_99i'm not sure that'd work though because it's 410:47
nmz787_ihmm?10:48
chris_99it's 4 prisms10:48
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chris_99rather than 3210:48
chris_99*210:48
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nmz787_iyou'd just add some mirrors to the sides you didn't want to use10:48
nmz787_ior some aluminum foil10:48
chris_99oh you think with 4 it'd still reflect ok?10:48
chris_99i'm thinking the other one would disrupt10:49
chris_99the input signal10:49
nmz787_iif it messed it up you could probably switch to black felt to absorb the beams you weren't using10:50
nmz787_ii would search a little more for a cheaper 2-piece though first10:50
chris_99mmm yeah ill keep looking10:51
nmz787_ii see lots of results http://www.ebay.co.uk/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_sacat=0&_nkw=beamsplitter+mirror&LH_PrefLoc=2&_arm=1&_armm=63&_ruu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fsch%2Fi.html%3F_from%3DR40%26_sacat%3D0%26_nkw%3Dbeamsplitter%2Bmirror%26_arr%3D110:52
nmz787_ioh, wait, one is a US entry10:52
nmz787_iweird the search list shows me different shipping cost than when I click the item10:53
chris_99odd10:53
nmz787_iyou can get away with a CD or DVD jewel case  (or the blank no-line disc that they put on top of the spindles)10:54
chris_99http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/1-lot-of-2x-50R-50T-Standard-Cube-Beamsplitter-10mm-/221622275891?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item3399b78f3310:55
chris_99£30 for 210:55
nmz787_ia TOSlink splitter might suffice for you, and you should be able to pick one up locally for about $510:57
nmz787_iso cheap and easy if it doesn't work10:57
chris_99oh interesting10:58
nmz787_isorry I can't find a zoomed in version of this http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61j41m97TZL._SX522_.jpg11:00
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nmz787_ibut it's literally just two fibers on the backside, that are next to each other on the front/input11:00
chris_99interesting11:01
chris_99cool11:01
nmz787_ibut your beam divergence will likely be more than the half-millimeter or so that separate the two11:02
nmz787_iso should be fine11:02
nmz787_imay be fine*11:02
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chris_99:)11:04
nmz787_ithe bigger problem would be if the divergence was enough that the watts/area is low, combined with the small fiber aperture, could lead to signal at the photodiode being too low11:04
nmz787_iwhich is when you might need a lens to collect the return signal and focus it down better11:05
nmz787_iso it depends primarily on your laser's initial divergence, and also the distance the beam needs to travel11:05
chris_99yep that's true11:06
nmz787_iand if you shoot onto a piece of glass (a window) unless the glass is pretty dirty, the beam is not going directly back to the splitter11:13
chris_99true, so it'd need to be at a slight angle?11:14
nmz787_ihard to say, I guess it would depend on the windo11:14
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nmz787_ichris_99: did you ever do openCV on Android?11:27
nmz787_iI managed to get it working for me over the weekend11:27
chris_99i just did image processing in the end, not opencv11:27
kanzure.title http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/diy-exoplanet-detector11:27
yoleauxDIY Exoplanet Detector - IEEE Spectrum11:27
chris_99ah cool11:27
nmz787_inow I need to investigate GUI layout in Android a bit11:27
chris_99cool, what are you making?11:27
kanzurecc superkuh11:27
nmz787_ichris_99: I've had a few ideas for a while, one would be a live/dead detector for a hemocytometer image (or any image of different colored blobs)11:28
chris_99cool11:28
nmz787_ianother was the FIB/CNC related stuff I have been working on11:28
nmz787_ibut I realized that since I'm using a USB video capture device, I would need an Android driver for it, which I have no idea how loading kernel modules work in Android11:29
chris_99ah hmm11:29
chris_99me neither11:29
chris_99i noticed the mass spectrometer i was looking at has come down to £850, when it hits £100 i'll buy it ;)11:29
nmz787_ioh?11:29
nmz787_iwhich is that?11:29
chris_99sec11:29
chris_99it might not even work though11:30
nmz787_ithat sounds ridiculously cheap11:30
nmz787_i(does it come with pumps?)11:30
chris_99http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/281506750396?_trksid=p2055119.m1438.l2649&ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT11:30
kanzuretitle11:30
kanzure.title11:30
yoleauxMass Spectrometer Waters Micromass Tof Spec 2E | eBay11:30
kanzurepodcast, nick bostrom, superintelligence (from today) http://www.econtalk.org/archives/2014/12/nick_bostrom_on.html11:32
kanzure.title11:33
yoleauxNick Bostrom on Superintelligence | EconTalk | Library of Economics and Liberty11:33
nmz787_ihttp://www.umich.edu/~techserv/massspec/tof.pdf11:33
kanzure"reduce the risk"11:33
kanzureyou can't reduce the risk of something inherently deadly.... i can't believe these people are so dishonest.11:33
nmz787_ihmm, if it was local I would be interested in it...11:33
heathwho's going to be receiving an opentrons?11:34
chris_99do you think it's got everything11:34
kanzure(they should explicitly say that they are talking about "reducing the number of people working on these projects and opportunities for them to engage in this work")11:34
heathi couldn't afford it this go around, but it is on github, so it shouldn't be too difficiult to replicate11:34
kanzure(and "reducing the likelihood of these projects to exist or happen at all, at least within the bounds that we can set, and we are totally not promising that we can reduce the riskyness of impossible-to-fix risky things")11:35
nmz787_ichris_99: can't tell, it would help if the manuals are there... looks like folks on ebay selling them alone for as much price http://www.ebay.com/itm/Micromass-TOF-SPEC-2E-Mass-Spectrometer-Manuals-and-Booklets-/27113683115311:37
chris_99ooh cheers11:37
chris_99oh what a rip heh11:38
nmz787_ilikely stuff is missing, but it appears that the bulk of it may be there... hard to tell though with my relatively untrained eye11:38
chris_99mmm11:39
nmz787_iit says "This is a  used machine - has been removed from a working environment as a working machine looks to be complete, see pictures."11:39
nmz787_i"we have no manuals - these are available from the manufacturer or online."  HAH11:39
nmz787_ithese manufacturers seem very unlikely to provide such manual11:40
nmz787_iI think for fear of competitors reverse-engineering11:40
chris_99heh11:40
chris_99yeah11:40
nmz787_i"lots of valuable power supplies, components etc - IF USED FOR SPARES - some of these HV power supplies etc sell on here for £500 + so it could be a valuable source of spares for those who work in this field."11:40
nmz787_ithe real kicker would be if it had the vacuum pumps with it11:40
chris_99ah are they v. expensive11:43
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nmz787_iyeah11:45
nmz787_iat least $1000 used, if not like $300011:46
nmz787_ithere may be chinese brands I don't know of11:46
chris_99would that be a turbomolecular vac pump?11:48
* bkero usually repurposes automotive vacuum pumps11:51
bkeroWenkel engines require vacuum lines all over the place to operate, and the maintenance of the community is enough to actually have a competitive market for vacuum pumps.11:51
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kragen.wik Wenkel engine11:54
yoleaux"The Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine using an eccentric rotary design to convert pressure into rotating motion. Over the commonly used reciprocating piston designs, the Wankel engine delivers advantages of: simplicity, smoothness, compactness, high revolutions per minute, and a high power-to-weight ratio." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankel_engine11:54
chris_99what does an engine use a vacuum pump for?11:55
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nmz787_imost engines use vacuum though11:58
nmz787_ichris_99: for powering things, for sensing things (using ambient pressure relative to manifold vacuum/pressure to determine mass air flow)11:59
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chris_99aha12:02
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kanzurei wish i would have found this years ago:12:09
kanzurehttp://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/Monkey%20to%20human%20comparative%20anatomy%20of%20the%20frontal%20lobe%20association%20tracts.pdf12:09
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kragenchris_99: the reason the throttle is called that is that the actual throttle valve itself limits the airflow into the engine intake12:14
kragenyou might have thought that it controlled the fuel flow12:15
kragenbut actually what happens is that the fuel flow is regulated to correspond to the airflow, and you directly control the airflow12:15
chris_99mm i had no idea it controlled air flow12:15
kragenthink of being throttled by an angry soldier12:16
kragenhe's limiting your airflow12:16
chris_99heh12:16
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kanzure"major differences were found for the arcuate fasciculus and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, which may underlie unique human cognitive functions"12:52
kanzure"inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF)"12:53
kanzure"Anatomic dissection of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus revisited in the lights of brain stimulation data" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001094520900251212:54
kanzure"Here, in the lights of these new functional data, we dissected 14 post-mortem human hemispheres using the Klingler fiber dissection technique, to study the IFOF fibers and to identify their actual cortical terminations in the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. We identified two different components of the IFOF: (i) a superficial and dorsal subcomponent, which connects the frontal lobe with the superior parietal lobe and the ...12:54
kanzure... posterior portion of the superior and middle occipital gyri, (ii) a deep and ventral subcomponent, which connects the frontal lobe with the posterior portion of the inferior occipital gyrus and the posterior temporo-basal area. Thus, our results are in line with the hypothesis of the functional role of the IFOF in the semantic system, by showing that it is mainly connected with two areas involved in semantics: the occipital ...12:54
kanzure... associative extrastriate cortex and the temporo-basal region. Further combined anatomical (dissection and Diffusion Tensor Imaging) and functional (intraoperative subcortical stimulation) studies are needed, to clarify the exact participation of each IFOF subcomponent in semantic processing."12:54
nmz787_ikragen: except in the case of direct injection12:56
nmz787_iwhere the 'throttle' is just connected to a sensor12:56
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kanzure"Normal variation in fronto-occipital circuitry and cerebellar structure with an autism-associated polymorphism of CNTNAP2" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941042/13:04
kanzure"We compared volumetric differences in white and grey matter and fractional anisotropy values in control subjects characterised by genotype at rs7794745, a single nucleotide polymorphism in CNTNAP2. Homozygotes for the risk allele showed significant reductions in grey and white matter volume and fractional anisotropy in several regions that have already been implicated in ASD, including the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, occipital and ...13:04
kanzure... frontal cortices. Male homozygotes for the risk alleles showed greater reductions in grey matter in the right frontal pole and in FA in the right rostral fronto-occipital fasciculus compared to their female counterparts who showed greater reductions in FA of the anterior thalamic radiation. Thus a risk allele for autism results in significant cerebral morphological variation, despite the absence of overt symptoms or behavioural ...13:04
kanzure... abnormalities. The results are consistent with accumulating evidence of CNTNAP2's function in neuronal development. The finding suggests the possibility that the heterogeneous manifestations of ASD can be aetiologically characterised into distinct subtypes through genetic-morphological analysis."13:04
kanzurewell, only slightly related13:06
kanzurealthough a single allele causing significant variations in grey matter vlume is neat13:07
kanzure*volume13:07
kragennmz787_i: I don't know much about direct injection engines but I know direct injection engines with throttle valves do exist13:09
kragenI'm sure pure drive-by-wire ones also exist13:09
kragenyou seem to be saying that the second are vastly more common than the first. you could be right13:10
kragenI've only worked on very old engines!13:10
kragen(reading, it looks like you are right)13:11
nmz787_iwell more common since maybe 10 years ago13:13
nmz787_ianother thing to consider for non-direct-injection is that lower pressure will aide fuel atomization/vaporization to some degree, however minor that may be13:14
--- Log closed Mon Dec 01 13:24:10 2014
--- Log opened Mon Dec 01 13:24:21 2014
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chris_99http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26644-hypnotising-patterns-created-in-electric-soap-films.html#.VHze6IWeeBs13:35
chris_99isn't this electrowetting?13:35
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archels,--8<-14:07
archels|No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,14:07
archels|mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from Soterix Medical Inc.14:07
archels`-->8-14:07
archelsmicrofilming, lol14:07
archelsalso what is this ungodly paste script doing to my pastes14:07
kragenit is putting ASCII art of scissors around them14:08
kragenmicrofilm still seems to me to be the most reasonable existing way to do long-time text archival14:08
kragenI mean of course we could lose it all in a foom next week14:08
kragenand of course we could have a more gradual smooth transition to a stable posthuman existence14:09
kragenbut it seems entirely plausible that we will continue to experience occasional civilizational collapses instead of either of those14:10
kragenhard disks will not survive a civilizational collapse in a useful way14:10
kragenmicrofilm is stable for millennia, is cheap to produce, can be read without advanced machinery, and is vastly denser than any other medium with those properties14:13
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nmz787_ikragen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD-Rosetta14:35
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kragennmz787_i: yeah, that's what inspired me to start thinking about this problem someten years or so ago14:37
kragenthe thing is that the cost is about US$0.025 per page, and you need a scanning electron microscope to read it14:38
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kragenby contrast, you can print on PET film or acid-free paper with a regular laser printer at 600dpi at 16:1 reduction, which you can read with a magnifying glass, for about US$0.0004 per page14:41
kragenabout 64 times cheaper14:41
kragenand it still lasts 1000 years with no trouble14:41
kragenif you have a 1200dpi printer you get another factor of 4 boost14:43
kragenI think I can get to 25 pages per sheet of PET film without needing even a magnifying glass by printing on both sides14:43
nmz787_ikragen: you don't actually need an SEM if your feature size is sufficiently large14:44
nmz787_iI've seen their demos using simple phase contrast microscopy14:45
kragenyeah, you can make the features big enough to see with optical microscopy for another factor of 2 increase in price per page, IIRC14:46
kragenwhat would be really good at getting the cost down would be casting14:46
kragenI mean, if you want Lots Of Copies to Keep Stuff Safe14:47
archelshmm, is feature size inversely correlated with projected archival time?14:47
kragenno14:47
nmz787_iFIB time is $375/hr, data density depends on FIB spot size, so you can probably calculate cost per data using an implant dose table14:47
kragenthere is a relationship but it is not a simple inverse14:47
nmz787_iand yeah the outcome is a mold14:47
nmz787_iwhich you can them stamp into hot plastic or injection mold onto14:48
archelsHD-Rosetta disadvantages include:14:48
archelsSize: HD-Rosetta can easily be lost.14:48
kragennmz787_i: I was using US$5000 per disc as my cost estimate14:48
archelslol.14:48
nmz787_ithere is the electroforming process which would be on top of the FIB beam time14:48
nmz787_iand also any design time that you'd need to spend talking to an engineer about feasibility of data density for what your retrieval method will be, etc.14:49
nmz787_ikragen: while an initial disc may be $5k, it would be able to stamp many copies of itself, so total cost per item would be lower14:50
nmz787_iI am not sure what the out-the-door cost generally is14:50
archelshttp://thespiritscience.net/2014/02/13/data-storage-crystal-quartz-will-change-everything/14:51
kragenyes, in theory you could make many copies of an HD-Rosetta disc in hot plastic14:51
kragenI don't think you can actually do injection molding because you will destroy the delicate features you're trying to mold14:51
archelslooks like this just needs to be taken out of the lab--I'm sure that many similar projects exist around the globe14:51
nmz787_ikragen: I know how they do it, the company is 5 mins from my house14:52
nmz787_iand yeah they do have a small hand-pressed injection molder14:52
kragennmz787_i: awesome! I didn't know anyone was actually doing this14:52
kragenwhat are their mold lifetimes like?14:52
archelsthese can be distributed incredibly easily, to other planets of the solar system or shot into deep space14:52
kragenpresumably they're not molding in PET, right?14:52
nmz787_i(though I will admit I can't remember if they used the injector for making replicas, or if that was for some other project they had)14:52
archelscarrying something like the entire of library genesis14:52
kragenmost plastics are not very stable14:53
archelscompared to microfilm, those are completely laughable14:53
archelsI don't see it as such a big problem that you need an advanced device to read them out14:53
nmz787_inot sure what plastic, but after the fact they are coating in gold14:53
nmz787_iafter the impression*14:53
nmz787_iso the mold itself is nickel and will last a long time14:54
kragenso they're doing this to create many perlong-term stable copies14:54
nmz787_ibut the plastic impressions would be less hardy, sure14:54
kragennot necessarily14:54
kragenwell14:54
kragennickel can survive a very long time indeed14:54
kragengeological or cosmological timespans14:54
kragenin a reducing environment14:55
archelsas can crystals ^14:55
archelswhat's the smallest feature size that you can create with that FIB beam?14:55
kragen*other crystals14:56
nmz787_iarchels: most stuff is some size crystal :P14:56
nmz787_ia metal form would be crystalline too14:56
nmz787_ihow nice it was, that's a question14:56
kragenarchels: that blog post is continued in http://thespiritscience.net/2014/02/15/legend-crystal-skulls/14:56
archelssolid nickel is not something I would normally refer to as a crystal, but quite possibly I don't know what I'm talking about14:56
kragennickel is normally crystalline14:56
nmz787_iit certainly has crystal grain boundaries/interfaces14:56
nmz787_i"You’ve heard the tales. The legend of the Crystal Skull is the tale of our Ancient Ancestors using Crystal Technology to store memories, understandings, and even pure Consciousness itself, in a Pure Quartz Crystal Skull. Every thousand years, for the past 13 thousand years, there have been stories that a new Crystal Skull was created by the indigenous descendants of the Atlanteans."14:57
nmz787_iI had not heard that tale.14:57
kragenyou can probably get it to be amorphous but I don't think anyone ever has14:57
nmz787_iarchels: smallest beam size is about 10nm14:58
kragenI think glass is actually preferable if you're going for recording density14:58
kragenyeah, I hadn't heard that tale either14:58
kragenapparently someone prepared amorphous nickel for the first time in 197314:58
archelsnmz787_i: alright, that's pretty good14:58
archelsstill, it's fundamentally 2D14:59
archelsetching an optically transparent crystal can occur fully in 3D14:59
nmz787_iuntil they etch the implanted area, then it becomes 3d14:59
nmz787_iarchels what do you mean by your last comment?15:00
nmz787_i'etching fully in 3D'?15:00
kragenyou can use laser glass fracture or the equivalent to record data at many depths15:01
nmz787_ioh, I see, you mean encoding stuff in the middle, not just on the surface15:01
kanzurewhat were those halide silver gel matrices with rhodopsin proteins15:02
kragenyeah, that's what the earlier spiritscience article was talking about15:02
kanzurethey probably weren't halide silver15:02
kanzurenevermind, glass is better15:02
kragenso that process is already commercialized at macroscopic resolutions: http://www.bathsheba.com/crystal/15:03
kragenprocess details at http://www.bathsheba.com/crystal/process/15:05
kragenhowever those fractures are 100μm long15:05
kragen"None of this is cutting edge: it's been mature as long as I've been using it, which is since 2002"15:05
kanzuredoesn't "cutting edge" mean "there is no more edge" not "immature"?15:07
kragen1cm³ at 200μm resolution is only 125 bits though15:07
nmz787_ihmm, FIB and electron beams cause damage (i.e. fracturing)15:09
nmz787_ior they can cause damage15:09
archels.wa (1e-2/200e-6)**315:10
yoleaux((1×10⁽⁻²⁾)/(200×10⁽⁻⁶⁾))³: 125000; Number name: 125 thousand; Number line: http://is.gd/Hvh0h9; Number length: 6 decimal digits15:10
nmz787_iI don't know if there's an equivalent for two-photon (two-particle) though15:10
archelsso you'd need 8 million 1 cm³ cubes to store 1 TB at that resolution15:11
archelssmaller feature size scales with the third power now though15:11
kragenuh, pardon my total lack of consciousness, apparently. thanks archels.15:12
kragenstill, that's the same as three sheets of paper at 1cm² at 600dpi15:12
archels1 micron bits -> 1 TB in one cube15:13
kragenyeah15:13
archelsah wait, you want to store binary data on paper by just printing dot/no dot?15:15
kanzure"Transcranial magnetic stimulation over human secondary somatosensory cortex disrupts perception of pain intensity" surprise?15:53
fennmumble mumble two-photon or holographic recording medium15:55
fennit's always a couple years behind magnetic media, so we never see consumer products15:56
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kanzurefenn: here are some hypnosis papers for you (i swear i wasn't looking for these... i'm just going through the monthly volumes) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00109452/49/216:00
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fenn“Specifically, as the human moves her arm, the wireless reflections from her arm either constructively or destructively interfere with the direct signal from the Wi-Fi transmitter. This results in peaks and troughs in the amplitude of the received signals”16:20
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RedMEdicHey16:20
RedMEdicAnyone online?16:20
fennnobody here but us transhumanists16:20
fennoh, i know who you are16:21
kragenarchels: whatever kind of data you store with a laser printer is reduced to binary data on paper16:22
kanzurehmm wifi interface using human limbs sounds like the start to an interesting prank on someone16:22
kanzure*interference16:23
kragenI designed a 6×3½ pixel font that is moderately readable — 21 pixels per letter, on average16:23
* nmz787_i just started thinking of a human antenna 'no little brother, you need to stand on your head or the internet cartoon won't stream fast enough'16:23
kragenwhich is about what QR codes get, really16:23
kanzureqr codes get terrible wifi reception, yeah16:24
fenn"The algorithm they created in their research classifies gestures according to the size and timing of the peaks. The technique works at distances of “up to one [foot]” and claims a 91 per cent accuracy."16:24
kragenoh hush16:24
fenn91 percent is not great but presumably it could learn and improve with time16:24
RedMEdicIm a noob and I was wondering what the best textbook/sources on genetic engineering are16:24
kragenhow many gestures?16:24
fenni didnt read the paper16:24
kragenarchels: although QR codes are probably more resistant to failure16:24
kanzureRedMEdic: sambrook's lab manual is pretty okay16:24
fenn.title http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.539416:25
yoleaux[1411.5394] Wi-Fi Gesture Recognition on Existing Devices16:25
kragen91% accuracy on distinguishing two gestures is less impressive than if it's 1616:25
fenn"four gestures" :(16:25
kragenfour16:25
fenni guess it's only using one dimension16:25
kragenyeah16:25
fenn802.11n would have higher dimensionality16:26
kragenmy mom has higher dimensionality16:26
fenndoes she smoke DMT16:26
fenndon't feel pressured to answer16:26
kragenno, she makes it herself16:26
kragenin her very own personal brain16:26
RedMEdickanzure: thanks Ill check it out16:26
kanzure"Comparative analyses of evolutionary rates reveal different pathways to encephalization in bats, carnivorans, and primates" 16:28
kanzuregoogle scholar has a link to http://lib.gen.in/2ebbdfdf98191987b762ac50181cd4b3.pdf for this paper but it 404s16:29
kanzurei suspect that lib.gen.in is libgen16:29
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fennthat book is pretty expensive16:30
fenn$150 used $250 new16:31
kanzure"Results demonstrate that a principal focus on interpreting relative brain size evolution as selection on neuronal capacity confounds the effects of body mass changes, thereby hiding important aspects that may contribute to explaining animal diversity."16:31
kanzuredid this really need a paper?16:31
kanzure"However, comparative neurological studies demonstrate that the human brain does not contain any structures that are distinctly unique to humans. Rather, the brain has undergone expansion of pre-existing structures that have re-wired their connectivity (Mantini and Corbetta, 2013; Smaers and Soligo, 2013), leading to the creation of novel network architectures in the brain. Given this morphological conservatism, the distinctive features ...16:32
kanzure... of the human brain are likely to involve the elaboration of pre-existing functions to facilitate increased behavioral complexity."16:32
kanzure( from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4010745/ )16:32
fennmaniatis was the bio lab manual/protocol cookbook i had16:34
fennit was pretty dry16:35
fennhehe "genetics for dummies"16:36
kanzurehmm this paper argues that human cognition is particularly unique because learned tasks can be dumped into memory, allowing "executive function" to process other details not related to task execution16:38
kanzurethey should have called this the drooling moron hypothesis16:38
kanzurea first order dismissal could be something like "monkeys have memory too, you know"16:39
ebowdenWhere on earth was this paper published?16:39
kanzureFront Neurosci. 2014; 8: 90.16:40
ebowdenAre there any published criticisms of it?16:41
kanzure"Plausibly, then, the adoption of bipedalism in proto-humans posed a strong selective advantage for individuals with brains capable of using their full processing power to learn bipedalism, but that were also able to delegate the basic tasks of walking and running to “lower” neural centers, freeing up the higher segments for detecting unpredictable opportunities and challenges (be they related to predators, food, or social cues), and ...16:41
kanzure... rapidly responding to that information."16:41
ebowden...16:42
fennwell do you see any other bipedal organisms walking around16:42
kanzuremeerkats?16:42
fennwalking being the operative word16:43
ebowdenBirds?16:43
kanzurethey sort of hop16:43
fennbirds is ok, and there's some interesting things about their brains16:43
fennseth robertson used some kind of balancing test as a cognitive metric16:45
kanzurei don't remember being graded but i may have failed my eurythmy classes16:46
fennyou probably failed gymnastics too16:48
kanzurethat school didn't have gymnastics16:49
kanzurebut we had hikes through the forest at least once a week16:49
fenni guess humans got big brains and ostriches didn't because we had an aquatic/fishy diet with lots of omega-3 fats16:50
kanzurealthough it may have been in a circle and i just never noticed16:50
fennflamingos though..16:50
kanzure"Despite their connectivity with each other, the cerebral cortex and cerebellum are organized into quite different motifs of internal connectivity (Ito, 2006). For example, the cerebral cortex is a thin, multi-layered sheet with massive inter-connectivity across layers and regions (George and Hawkins, 2009), whereas the cerebellum consists of a network of simple cellular motifs, robustly repeated across the entire structure (Ramnani, ...16:50
kanzure... 2006; D'Angelo and Casali, 2012). The structure of these motifs accords well with the notion that the cerebral cortex is primarily engaged early in unsupervised learning (when it is advantageous to respond flexibly to a novel stimulus) (Doya, 2000), yet decreases its activity over the course of learning, which may be due to increased neuronal efficiency (Ashby et al., 2007). In addition, it is also now clear that the cerebellum is ...16:50
kanzure... important for the execution of automatized behaviors (Lang and Bastian, 2002; Balsters and Ramnani, 2011)."16:50
kanzure"Given the efficient neuronal architecture of the cerebellar cortex, we propose that the cerebellum plays a prominent role in the execution of learned behaviors, effectively liberating the more flexible architecture of the cortex to process novel behavioral challenges (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Importantly, this mechanism can be mapped onto a functional corticocerebellar unit of the brain (Figure ​(Figure1)1) which, depending on which ...16:51
kanzure... neural and cerebellar regions are involved in the learning process, can effectively allow learning and automatization of motor, as well as cognitive and affective behavioral patterns (Graybiel, 1997, 2008; Hertel and Brozovich, 2010)."16:51
fennmy eyes!16:52
fennare they citing jef hawkins?16:52
kanzureseems like it: George D., Hawkins J. (2009). Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5:e1000532 10.1371/journal.pcbi.100053216:53
kanzureso their argument is that "monkeys don't walk" is an explanation for the other differences between monkey and human brain function?16:54
fenner, but don't monkeys also have cerebella?16:55
kanzures/don't/can't (for some definition of can't that allows for monkeys to attempt to walk for a while)16:55
kanzureright... so something like "their are minor parameter differences between human and monkey brains that allow for better 'automatizing' that accounts for the major differences in brain function"? meh16:56
fenni think this explains the difference much better: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_by_number_of_neurons#Cerebral_cortex16:57
kanzureif there is simply lower bandwidth for this 'automatizing' mechanism then it should turn out that monkeys just learn and 'automatize' dramatically more slowly such that learning anything becomes impractical16:57
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fenna minor genotype parameter difference results in a huge quantitative phenotype difference16:58
kanzureif there is almost /no/ bandwidth for such 'automatizing' then i wouldn't know how to explain monkey brain similarities to human16:58
kanzureyeah but then why wouldn't that genotype parameter have already been selected for in monkeys16:58
fennbecause monkeys live in trees and don't eat fish16:58
fennthey can't afford it, essentially16:59
ebowdenDamn do humans have a lot of cerebral cortex.16:59
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fennwhy aren't hippopotamuses all super-geniuses?17:03
fennbrain to body-mass ratio 1:278917:03
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fennvs human 1:4017:05
ebowdenI wonder how many neurons they have in their cerebral cortexes.17:07
chris_99heh, maybe they are super-geniuses, and they're too busy contemplating the meaning of life, the universe and everything, for us to notice17:07
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ebowdenLOL17:07
fennno they are just big angry mice17:07
fenn"ungulates" whatever that is17:08
kanzure"On a genetic level, we expect that changes in delegation ability should be mirrored by disproportionate alterations in both coding and non-coding genetic activity in the brain (Mattick and Mehler, 2008), particularly in the cortical, cerebellar and basal ganglia circuitry that is likely to be important for the delegation of behavior to automaticity (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Although studies on the genetic basis of human behavior are in ...17:08
kanzure... their infancy, early results on the neural distribution of non-coding regions in the genome support this general notion (Mattick and Mehler, 2008)."17:08
ebowdenFenn, how many neurons do hippopotamus have in their cerebral cortexes?17:10
fenndid you mean: hippocampus?17:12
fennpaperbot: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2447472617:12
paperbothttp://libgen.org/scimag/get.php?doi=10.1002%2Far.2287517:13
kanzure.title http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2447472617:13
yoleauxThe cerebral cortex of the pygmy hippopotamus, Hexaprotodon liberie... - PubMed - NCBI17:13
fennHexaprotodon liberiensis17:13
fennnevermind17:14
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fenninteresting "H. liberiensis shares one feature exclusively with cetaceans (the lack of layer IV across the entire cerebral cortex)"17:14
fenni didn't know this about whales17:15
kanzureif it really is just number of monkey neurons then let's give them a particular allele17:15
chris_99i bet a pygmy hippo would make a bad ass guard 'dog'17:15
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kanzureyou would need a moat17:18
fennebowden: sorry dude, no access17:19
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kanzurewhy is it more likely that it is number of neurons and not some particular cognitive control related circuits17:19
fennbecause we only know of biological circuits made from neurons17:20
fenngenetic circuits don't scale well17:21
kanzurealso, surely someone has published a paper elaborating an idea like "the number of neurons in the human brain is directly responsile for human brain abilities"17:21
kanzurehuh?17:21
fenni would hope so17:21
kanzurei mean why are you quicker to prescribe number of neurons to unique human abilities rather than neural circuits17:21
fenni have no idea what a neural circuit is actually17:22
fennis that a thing?17:22
kanzurethere are these loops in the brain between "regions" and "clusters"17:22
kanzurevisually distinguished by long-range projection neurons17:22
fennare "regions" connected by long range projections also?17:23
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kanzure"regions" and "clusters" are probably the same thing :|17:24
kanzuresee page 3 figure 3 http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/randall-oreilly/Towards%20an%20executive%20without%20a%20homunculus:%20computational%20models%20of%20the%20prefrontal%20cortex%20basal%20ganglia%20system.pdf17:24
fennheh "go vs nogo" is a big simplistic17:26
kanzureterrible name17:26
fennall the agony and ecstasy of experience17:26
fennum, so that diagram is "regions"?17:27
kanzurehmm i should find a good generic overview of wtf neural circuits are 17:27
fennbecause that diagram contains lots of different cell types17:28
kanzureso.. "regions" usually refer to this pile of junk: http://www.dhushara.com/paradoxhtm/brain/brainps.jpg17:28
fennthat "pile of junk" is bad because it slices up the cortex into parts but leaves other regions whole, as if they're equivalent17:29
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kanzureto complicate things even further for you, people have done fMRI studies of humans blowing snot bubbles to identify "functional regions" implicated in different actions or behaviors: 17:30
kanzurehttp://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/Functional%20specialization%20and%20flexibility%20in%20human%20association%20cortex%20-%202014.pdf17:30
fennso what you're saying is nobody can agree on what the term "regions" means17:31
kanzure(see figures on page 6, 7, 9)17:31
kanzurei think there is broad consensus that regions refers to the historical neuroanatomy names like you would find in grey's anatomy17:31
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kanzuregray's anatomy17:31
fennthat circos diagram is impossible to draw any conclusions from17:32
fennwait, "go/nogo" is a task?17:33
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kanzureyeah it's not what you think heh17:33
kanzureterrible name like i said17:34
fennwhy does it say D1 and D2 then17:34
kanzurea better alternative to the last link is possibly http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/The%20evolution%20of%20distributed%20association%20networks%20in%20the%20human%20brain.pdf17:34
kanzured1/d2 is dopamine receptor naming17:34
fennyes i know that much, but, uh, this fMRI uses "Go/NoGo" as a cognitive task17:35
kanzurein this last link, here is a definition of "macrocircuit": "Canonical circuit (canonical macrocircuit): a network of brain areas characterized by dense local connectivity between areas and a serial, hierarchical flow of information across areas. Such networks link incoming sensory information to the development of a motor response or action."17:35
fenni am suddenly reminded of the futility of ontologies in biology17:36
kanzureright, they should get rid of ontologies about brain regions17:36
kanzureoh they cite this thing which looks useful, "Imaging human connectomes at the macroscale"17:37
kanzurepaperbot: http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v10/n6/abs/nmeth.2482.html17:37
paperbothttp://libgen.org/scimag/get.php?doi=10.1038%2Fnmeth.248217:37
fennit's probably just tensor diffusion imaging17:37
fenn.title17:37
fenn.title http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v10/n6/abs/nmeth.2482.html17:37
yoleauxImaging human connectomes at the macroscale : Nature Methods : Nature Publishing Group17:37
fennno yoleaux i want you to summarize the paper for me17:37
yoleauxfenn: Sorry, that command (.title) took too long to process.17:37
kanzurehere: http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/Imaging%20human%20connectomes%20at%20the%20macroscale.pdf17:38
fennno kanzure i want you to summarize the paper for me17:38
kanzurepage 10 figure 317:39
kanzurehmm there's no list of circuits in this paper.17:39
fennyou know i am going to have to sort all this crap17:39
kanzureno we're still trying to find you a good definition of neural circuit17:39
kanzureand then you can answer my question17:39
kanzureso most of this can be thrown out once an adequate definition or diagram or something is found17:40
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fennlooks pretty messy17:41
RedMEdichttp://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch12_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/figures/neural_circuits.jpg17:42
RedMEdiclike this?17:42
kanzure"Direct evidence for neuronal connections in human brain tissue is very rare and difficult to obtain, so there is high value in any existing reports of neuroanatomical studies conducted in post-mortem human brain tissue."17:42
kanzurehttp://mitraweb1.cshl.edu:8080/BrainArchitecture/pages/publications.faces17:42
kanzurewtf?17:42
kanzureRedMEdic: that's actually too low-level17:42
kanzurethat looks like a microcircuit17:42
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kanzure"basal ganglia macrocircuits" http://garcia.rutgers.edu/Reprints.pdfs/Tepper_Chapter1.preprint.pdf 17:44
kanzurepage 2 figure 117:44
kanzurealthough it's not an overview or general review of macrocircuits or neural circuits... hrm.17:44
fennkanzure: i think no matter what you're going to have to apply a fuzzy statistical definition that is unsatisfying17:45
fennlike what is "a rich person" there's no real clear boundary17:45
kanzurethere are specific tracts of brain matter that require only visual inspection to identify (well, and knowledge of wtf everyone else called that particular projection)17:45
kanzureokay here you go:17:48
kanzurehttp://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/Parallel%20organization%20of%20functionally%20segregated%20circuits%20linking%20basal%20ganglia%20and%20cortex.pdf17:48
fenni meant to steal this book or at least read it http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/networks-brain17:49
fennmostly because the author ran my robotics group in college17:50
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fenn"faculty sponsor"17:50
kanzuresuperkuh: do you have any good ways to explain macrocircuits in human brains?17:51
kanzurearchels: or you?17:51
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fennkanzure: this sounds like the sort of lie they tell students in order to have an easy to explain metaphor17:51
fennlike s and p orbitals in chemistry17:52
kanzurewhen they say circuits they don't really mean circuits17:52
RedMEdicSo what do they mean?17:54
kanzurehighly conserved pathways17:55
fennconserved across humans at least17:55
kanzureturns out monkeys too17:55
kanzurefor example, auditory cortex stuff always needs to go somewhere17:56
fennok can i delete these papers now17:56
kanzurei have not seen any reports of redundant auditory cortexes that just eat data17:56
kanzureyes17:56
kanzurealthough i would still like some postulation regarding whether or not you still think number of neurons is a better explanation than macrocircuits17:56
fenna brain region that doesn't feed-back or feed-elsewhere would be useless17:56
kanzureyes but it doesn't just feedforward into everything else17:57
kanzureholy diagram batman http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243081/bin/fnana-05-00065-g001.jpg17:58
kanzure(this is from <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243081/>)17:58
kanzuretheir visualization is.. interesting.17:59
kanzurehttp://www.frontiersin.org/files/cognitiveconsilience/index.html17:59
RedMEdicIs it true that there are more conections running from the bottom of the brain up than the other way?18:00
fenn"the bottom"18:02
fennso "mammilary body" wasn't enough for you, pervert18:03
RedMEdicR Complex is what I mean18:03
fennoh i thought you were only talking about in the cortex18:05
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fenn"basketry and wilderness survival are nice, but what the scouts really need is a merit badge for hacking"18:10
chris_99heh18:12
RedMEdicIs whoever said that arguing that scouts need to learn computers because thats the only way they will ever get a job18:12
RedMEdicor that they need to learn hacking to raise up a new generation of cyberwarriors to fight the evil chinese who hate our freedoms?18:12
chris_99i rather like the story about the radioactive boy scout, he got his radioactive badge i think18:13
fennRedMEdic: the story you heard is probably about how there are more feedback pathways in the cortex's sensory processing areas18:13
fenni don't see why the number of connections to the basal ganglia is important18:13
RedMEdicThe guy was making the argument that because there were more connections running from the "lower" parts of the brain to the "higher" ones18:14
RedMEdicthat showed that people were more under the influence of their more base and emotional impulses18:14
kanzureof course this author would think it's about bipedalism, he's a parkinson's researcher18:14
RedMEdicthan their higher more rational ones18:14
kanzure"Impaired cognitive control in Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing of gait in response to cognitive load"18:14
RedMEdicIt sounded like bullshit, drawing that kind of conclusion based on that18:15
kanzurewhat is the difference between an "emotional impulse" and any other kind of "impulse"?18:16
RedMEdicThats what was bugging me, I was just wondering if the science he based it on was even legit to begin with18:17
fennthe other proposed scouting badges were "texting >100wpm, SEO, reality television show pitching, existential absurdism, feminism (in macaroni decorated posters), and sarcasm"18:18
fenni'm not sure what the point of the article was18:18
kanzure*black sarcasm18:19
RedMEdicThats the Onion18:19
RedMEdicplease tell me thats the onion18:19
fennit's John Kelly's Washington, a shitpost column in the washington post18:19
RedMEdicThe Washington Post is making clickbait now18:21
RedMEdicjournalism is dead18:21
fennis it clickbait if it's in the printed edition18:21
RedMEdicyes18:22
RedMEdicbecause no one reads printed newspapers anymore18:22
fenni would have supported writing a column about how scouts need to learn computer skills because their entire fucking economy will be gone by the time they grow up18:22
fennbut the writer sort of fell asleep and finished the article on the train i guess18:23
kanzure"These studies also showed that the human brain is not exceptional in its cellular composition, as it was found to contain as many neuronal and non-neuronal cells as would be expected of a primate brain of its size. Additionally, the so-called overdeveloped human cerebral cortex holds only 19% of all brain neurons, a fraction that is similar to that found in other mammals. In what regards absolute numbers of neurons, however, the human ...18:23
kanzure... brain does have two advantages compared to other mammalian brains: compared to rodents, and probably to whales and elephants as well, it is built according to the very economical, space-saving scaling rules that apply to other primates; and, among economically built primate brains, it is the largest, hence containing the most neurons. These findings argue in favor of a view of cognitive abilities that is centered on absolute numbers ...18:23
kanzure... of neurons, rather than on body size or encephalization, and call for a re-examination of several concepts related to the exceptionality of the human brain."18:23
kanzure(from <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776484/>)18:23
fennso birds and bees with equivalently sized brains would be super-duper-intelligent?18:24
RedMEdicReminds me of something I read awhile ago, that it was a couple thousand years after humans developed the brain size they do and we started seeing things like art and decorative jewelry ect18:25
RedMEdicand a few thousand years after that for agriculture and civilization to start appearing18:25
RedMEdicWhatever caused the massive jump in human intelligence it was definitely more than just brain size18:25
kanzurefenn: i don't know what you mean. similarly sized in number of neurons? neuron sizes? neuron mass?18:25
kanzure"brain size" is ambiguous18:26
fenn"economically built"18:26
fennbees have only like 100,000 neurons but can solve puzzles, communicate, do math, learn english, etc18:26
fennok they can read some words i think :P18:26
fennvery economical. such intelligence. wow.18:27
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kanzureer i believe it has been shown that even very tiny neural networks can do math18:27
kanzurewhich is not very interesting18:27
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fennanyway birds and bees are smarter than you'd expect based on brain mass, probably because they have selection pressure against being too massive because they fly18:28
fennwhat is "economical" then, saving on brain mass? saving on energy use?18:30
kanzure"space-saving"18:30
fennspace is proportional to mass; all brains are mostly water and fat18:32
kanzure"Orangutan fish eating, primate aquatic fauna eating, and their implications for the origins of ancestral hominin fish eating"18:32
fenni dont see any abstract18:34
kanzurehttp://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=xNQF7ZGw18:35
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kanzure"Orangutan and primate findings are generally consistent with Stewart's (2010) reconstruction of the origins of ancestral hominin fish eating, but suggest that it, and tool-assisted fish catching, were possible much earlier"18:36
kanzure(from another abstract) "Despite great diversity across mammals in the number of cortical neurons and the cognitive functions they support, the fundamental process which populates the cerebral cortex with neurons changes only subtly from the smallest rodents to the largest primates. ... We gathered data on the growing and mature cortex to build a computational model of neurogenesis. The model recapitulates how dynamics, known to vary ...18:36
kanzure... across species and across the cortex, sculpt the basic landscape of the embryonic cortex. Features of the cortex long thought to be the result of special selection are revealed as the necessary product of a conserved mechanism."18:36
fennthe paper http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Russon/publication/264053544_Orangutan_fish_eating_primate_aquatic_fauna_eating_and_their_implications_for_the_origins_of_ancestral_hominin_fish_eating/links/54118f140cf264cee28b3fcd18:36
chris_99http://www.nature.com/news/nature-makes-all-articles-free-to-view-1.1646018:40
chris_99alas not downloadable18:41
kanzure"As a result, the volume of gray matter expressed as a percentage of total brain volume is about the same for all anthropoid primates."18:42
kanzure"The relative white matter volume, on the other hand, increases with brain size, from 9% in pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea) to about 35% in humans, the highest value in primates (Hofman, 1989). "18:43
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kanzure"Recent studies in primates have shown that the number of neurons underneath a unit area of cortical surface is not constant and varies linearly with neuronal density, a parameter that is neither related to cortical size nor to the total number of neurons (Herculano-Houzel et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Herculano-Houzel, 2009). These studies indicate that the cortical column varies both in size and number of neurons, which is in ...18:48
kanzure... accordance with predictions based on computational models (Hofman, 1985b). Indeed, comparative morphological differences between cortical areas and species cast doubt on the notion of a universal cortical module or minicolumn (DeFelipe et al., 2002)."18:48
kanzure(from <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3973910/>)18:48
fenntaking bets on how long until publishers try to switch all content to DRM-protected formats18:54
kanzure"Comparative work suggests that the human prefrontal cortex differs from that of closely related primate species less in relative size than it does in organization. Specific reorganizational events in neural circuitry may have taken place either as a consequence of adjusting to increases in size or as adaptive responses to specific selection pressures. Living in complex environments has been recognized as a considerable factor in the ...18:54
kanzure... evolution of primate cognition. Normal frontal lobe development and function are also compromised in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. A phylogenetically recent reorganization of frontal cortical circuitry may have been critical to the emergence of human-specific executive and social-emotional functions, and developmental pathology in these same systems underlies many psychiatric and neurological disorders, including ...18:54
kanzure... autism and schizophrenia."18:54
kanzureerr.18:55
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kanzurei forgot about the "woven sheets" study that also used diffusion tensor imaging http://people.psych.cornell.edu/~jec7/pcd%202012-13%20pubs/weedensci.pdf18:58
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fennthey just brush off the 4:1 ratio of human cortical neurons to ape cortical neurons like it's no big deal18:59
kanzure"We have found that the fiber pathways of the forebrain are organized as a highly curved 3D grid derived from the principal axes of development. This structure has a natural interpretation. By the Frobenius theorem, any three families of curves in 3D mutually cross in sheets if and only if they represent the gradients of three corresponding scalar functions (26, 27). Accordingly, we hypothesize that the pathways of the brain follow a ...18:59
kanzure... base-plan established by the three chemotactic gradients of early embryogenesis (30). Thus, the pathways of the mature brain presents an image of these three primordial gradients, plastically deformed by development."18:59
kanzureyeah i guess. hrm.19:01
fennthis is standard developmental biology19:01
fennthe last quote19:02
kanzureright19:02
kanzurewell yes, plans from embryogenesis impact future growth, sure, but i think the conservation of a 3d grid in "fiber pathways" is not a natural conclusion19:04
fenni probably got this from you http://fennetic.net/irc/hox_genes_as_turing_patterns_for_development_of_segments.jpg19:04
kanzurenope i don't remember this one. i'm sure i have talked about hox genes with you, though.19:04
fenn"the finger bones follow a base-plan established by chemotactic gradients of early embryogenesis"19:05
kanzure"3d grid" yo19:06
fennbut, frobenius!19:08
kanzurei really don't see anyone championing number of neurons. weird.19:08
fennprobably because it was associated with racist/eugenics stuff in the 19th century19:09
kanzuremaybe because there's some sort of bias against an attraction to large numbers because they are large ("science is more subtle than that!")19:09
fenn.wik phrenology19:09
yoleaux"Phrenology (from Greek: φρήν, phrēn, "mind"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is a pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology19:09
kanzurewait... what?19:09
kanzureoh, skull19:09
kanzureyes i remember this one19:10
kanzuremodifying a few monkey genes is an easy way to test this hypothesis of yours19:11
kanzurei suppose there may be other genetic changes required for certain cell specializations to handle longer distances (increased myelination, for example) and other differences that come with larger neuron populations...19:12
kanzureso increasing the number of monkey or gorilla neurons may not be a good experiment19:12
fenni don't know what genes control cortex size or skull size19:14
fennalso, haven't you seen "planet of the apes"!!19:14
fennit would be a good experiment; it would tell you if number of neurons is the only difference or not19:16
fenni'd guess not fwiw19:17
fennsomething about glial cells19:17
kanzurewhy would you guess not?19:17
kanzurehmm okay19:17
kanzurewell, add in some glial cell genes maybe19:17
fennthat mouse study with human glial cells19:17
fennapes are close enough that they probably have similar myelin19:18
fennanyway it would be unsatisfying because apes are so similar already it doesn't tell you much if you succeed19:19
fennbut you'd have a talking ape or whatever19:19
fennor at least an ape that can do calculus19:19
kanzureanother option is to do phylogeny/evolution genetics stuff19:19
RedMEdicWait wait wait19:20
fennplease elaborate19:20
RedMEdicyoure saying I can genetically engineer an ape to do calculus for me?19:20
fennRedMEdic: of course not, that would be slavery19:20
fennRedMEdic: use mathematica instead19:20
kanzurefenn: well, we have their genomes19:20
fennor macsyma if you're a free software zealot19:20
kanzureso we can just do brain + genome analysis things first19:21
kanzureand then look at the set of different alleles19:21
fennyeah i would love to do that, but the liberals won't let us...19:22
RedMEdicThanks Obama19:22
fennnot obama19:22
kanzurewhat do you mean they wont let us do that?19:22
kanzurencbi has the gene data go download it or something19:22
fennum, scientists are afraid to talk about the relationship between genetics and intelligence, and funding for it has been weak because of this19:22
kanzurehttp://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/Genetic%20basis%20of%20human%20brain%20evolution.pdf19:22
kanzureoh whatever, who cares about intelligence19:23
kanzurei just want to see the differences19:23
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fennwhat would you look at exactly19:25
fennwhat phenotypic characteristics19:25
fenn(since you can't use intelligence tests)19:26
fennthere must be thousands of genes to sort through19:27
kanzureiirc it's like <200 genes19:28
fennfor what19:28
kanzurethat seem to be unique to human brain stuff19:28
kanzureer, out of the human genome, i don't mean compared to non-human brains19:29
kanzure"Diversity of microRNAs in human and chimpanzee brain" no that wasn't the paper... hrm. i feel like it was a venter paper for some reason.19:29
fenni mean there are thousands of genes that control brain development and function19:30
kanzurehere is a venter paper "3,400 new expressed sequence tags identify diversity of transcripts in human brain"19:30
kanzureand "Chromosomal distribution of 320 genes from a brain cDNA library"19:30
fennunique to humans doesn't necessarily mean "what makes humans qualitatively different"19:30
kanzurei know19:30
kanzureyou wanted to know what i would look at19:31
kanzurethose are the genes that i would look at19:31
fennok19:31
kanzurei would also factor out anything from KEBB about cell metabolism (even though cell metabolism is important)19:31
fennon the other side of the equation, what phenotypic characteristics would you correlate the gene alleles with?19:31
kanzurecertain brain genes (like microcephelin) already have known correlations with brain size (for example)19:32
fennmeh19:32
fennthat's a pathology19:32
kanzurehmm someone did transcriptome sampling from a monkey brain "Transcriptional architecture of the primate neocortex"19:33
kanzureoh look "Human-specific transcriptional networks in the brain"19:33
kanzurehttp://www.einstein.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/departments/neurology/Divisions/Child_Neurology/Child_Neurology_References/Language/Geschsind%20D%20Human-specificathways%20in%20the%20brain%202012.pdf19:34
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fennit's too bad we killed off everything not-quite-human19:36
kanzure"However, there are some remarkable differences between the gene coexpression connectivity tree and the species tree: the relative distance of human genes to chimpanzee and macaque genes is much larger in the connectivity tree (Figure 7D), indicating a faster evolution of gene connectivity, and hence gene regulation, in the human brain. Previously, we have found that connectivity is a more sensitive measure of evolutionary divergence ...19:38
kanzure... than gene expression (Miller et al., 2010; Oldham et al., 2006). Therefore, by using new technology and multiple primate species, we have shown a rapidly evolving mechanism for the coordination of gene expression patterns in the human brain."19:38
kanzurewell that sucks19:42
fennspaghettiball19:42
fenn(figure 3)19:42
kanzureseems likely that neuron count may not be sufficient19:43
fenni agree only because of the hard-coded human language syntax rules19:44
fennpointing at stuff to teach is another thing19:44
fennis music important though? i don't think so19:45
fennit's an apparently random sexually selected trait19:45
fennnevertheless apes don't have music19:46
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kanzureuplifting a gorilla might be simpler than uplifting your laptop19:48
fennsure, a gorilla has many orders of magnitude more processing power19:49
fennalso it has efficient fault-tolerant algorithms and a good controller-embodiment interface19:51
fennbut what would be the point19:51
kanzureknowing the differences would give insight into the missing ingredients into something approximating general intelligence19:52
kanzure"In the days of prehistory, 50,000 BC, Savage was a caveman named Vandar Adg, leader of the Cro-Magnon Blood Tribe. He was bathed in the radiation of a mysterious meteorite, which gave him incredible intellect and immortality. According to Lex Luthor, there may be evidence to suggest that Savage was the first cannibal on record. Though the Calculator took this to be a joke, Luthor was apparently serious, and Savage has not shown much ...19:59
kanzure... regard for human life."19:59
kanzurewait, wrong universe20:00
bbrittainhere to bitch about nature20:00
bbrittainhttp://www.nature.com/news/nature-makes-all-articles-free-to-view-1.1646020:01
bbrittain.title20:01
yoleauxNature makes all articles free to view : Nature News & Comment20:01
kanzurenot downloadable, next plz20:01
bbrittainI hate them all20:01
kanzurebbrittain: which genes and which alleles do you think would be necessary to make an ape brain do what a human brain does?20:02
bbrittainholy shit. I have no clue20:02
kanzurethis seems like something phylogenetic genome and transcriptome sequencing should help with20:02
bbrittainI don't really do human stuff... and brains are really complicated.20:02
* bbrittain goes to the internets20:03
kanzurealso someone should do monkey brain embryogenesis transcriptomics stuff from different developmental stages and areas of brain matter20:04
kanzuresince clearly doing that in humans would be punishable by stoning or something20:04
bbrittain"iirc it's like <200 genes"20:04
kanzureanyway those results would help determine which things to be looking at in the human genome20:04
bbrittainuhh.. let's just put those genes in an ape and see what happens20:05
bbrittainwhy haven't we done that yet?20:05
kanzuresee http://www.einstein.yu.edu/uploadedFiles/departments/neurology/Divisions/Child_Neurology/Child_Neurology_References/Language/Geschsind%20D%20Human-specificathways%20in%20the%20brain%202012.pdf20:05
bbrittainI mean, improving our intelligence is the ultimate dream... this should be super high funding level stuff20:06
* bbrittain is looking at paper20:06
kanzuremy motivation is that i am not sure why monkeys don't have human cognitive abilities20:08
kanzureand that if those reasons are known then they can maybe be translated into software things20:08
bbrittainI'm very skeptical of that. (oh look! my catchphrase) just because we have genes and what proteins they generate...20:09
bbrittainand then study all the interactions20:09
kanzurewell you would look at the generated neuroanatomy obviously20:09
bbrittainwe don't understand _why_20:09
bbrittainand what sorta resolution to we get?20:09
bbrittaindoes the connectome tell the whole story?20:09
kanzuree.g. gorilla neuroanatomy when dumb vs ape neuroanatomy when discussing the finer points of cosmology with you20:09
bbrittainbrains man. brains.20:09
bbrittainhuh20:09
bbrittainthat could be super cool20:10
fennbbrittain: because mobs of englishmen would descend upon the labs with pitchforks, were such an abomination to be brought into this world20:10
fennre "let's just put those genes in an ape"20:10
bbrittainI started writting something about just making knockouts in humans... then realized everyone would hate me20:11
fennthere are plenty of existing knockout humans to study20:11
bbrittainhow much info do we get from them?20:11
fennyou just aren't allowed to slice them up20:11
kanzurei don't think knocking out individual human genes would be helpful20:11
fennwell you can do MRI, post-mortem (sometimes)20:12
bbrittainwell, are you allowed to slice up a cosmology discussing  ape?20:12
fenngood question, i'd say, given the sad state of interpreting law, yes20:12
bbrittainfuck laws. morally, I say no.20:12
kanzureuh you would slice up the one that isn't talking cosmology with you20:12
kanzurelike pre-birth20:13
fennyou said "are you allowed" not "should you"20:13
bbrittaintrue20:13
bbrittainI was talking with some animal liberation front people last sunday... they would kill me if they saw this convo20:14
fennprobably not20:14
kanzureuplifting animal intelligences is something they should totally go for20:14
bbrittainI mean, they claim non-violence...20:14
fennthey just dont see much difference between a smart ape and a dumb ape20:14
fennor an ape or a cow20:15
bbrittainbut at some point it becomes nonsensical20:16
kanzure"it's just more computational power and more neurons" is a very appealing hypothesis because it involves doing almost no further work20:16
fenn"it"20:16
kanzurebbrittain: context is that some paper was arguing that monkeys are spending too much of their cognitive information processing abilities on not drowning in their own drool20:16
fenn"iq"20:16
bbrittainkanzure: that's one I'm still working on20:17
kanzurehm?20:17
bbrittainnot drowning in my drool20:17
fenni thought it meant walking (cerebellar tasks)20:17
kanzureyes "walking enabled some extra computational capacity that then got freed up to do other things"20:18
fenn(is swallowing actually one of those?)20:18
bbrittainthat's awesome20:18
kanzures/enabled/required20:18
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kanzuregorilla einstein is gonna approve so hard20:28
fennhttp://modifiedediting.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/168589233.jpg orangutan einstein says hrmph20:33
kanzuregorilla einstein http://i.imgur.com/Cukoj5O.jpg20:45
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kanzure"Nature's internal costs of publishing run at £20,000–30,000 (US$31,000–47,000) per paper, an extremely high charge to load onto authors or funders rather than spread over subscribers."20:50
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fennlol i'd love to see the cost breakdown for that20:58
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kanzure"Part of his new idea to create a tiny device that sequences tumor cells (data processed in cloud) then synthesizes DNA for infection into a tiny bioreactor where e.coli reside, turning the DNA into a small number of viruses (may also work by injecting DNA back into the tumor cells), then purifying burst cells so that only viruses come out the other side... could benefit from the Lee Cronin work on 3D printed reactionware (that's his ...21:01
kanzure... term) that have the bioreactor preloaded and lined with useful chemicals"21:01
kanzurewhat21:01
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fenne. coli is the wrong cloning vector for that mmkay21:03
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fenni wonder what creationists think when (if) they see things like this  http://fennetic.net/irc/brain_evolution.png21:21
kanzurehave they figured out that they shouldn't expose you to the blinding radiation of television yet?21:22
fennno21:22
kanzuredo you need to be rescued?21:23
fennpossibly21:23
* fenn reads about hypnotism21:25
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