2015-05-20.log

--- Log opened Wed May 20 00:00:06 2015
--- Day changed Wed May 20 2015
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maraozIDK if this is the right place to discuss this, let me know.. would it make sense to create a script type similar to p2sh but without requiring the redeemScript to be included in the scriptSig? (it could be obtained via other means just with the script hash, for example, from a DHT)07:27
maraozI don't see the need to include the full script in the blockchain other than convenience of access, with extra costs to the network (storage, bandwidth, etc)07:30
Taeksounds like it would be vulnerable to withholding attacks07:31
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CoinMuncher1Any wizards around?08:28
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CoinMuncher1Please shoot me down if I'm talking old news or bullocks. Currently receivers of a new block header can't immediately start mining on top of that block before they fully receive and verify the block (mostly for DOS attack reason I believe).08:29
CoinMuncher1However: I was wondering what could be done if a miner puts a transaction sending x of his own BTC to fees (himself in most cases) in the block he's working on.08:29
CoinMuncher1Basically he's saying: "I'm risking x BTC of my own as a guarantee that this block is valid, please build on it when you receive my blockheader+this special transaction."08:29
CoinMuncher1Of course if his block gets orphaned he still loses that money anyway as the next miner can run with his transaction, but it might convince people to trust him to not be doing a DOS attack?08:29
CoinMuncher1I'm not smart enough to oversee the deeper incentives and implications of this, so I'm just throwing it out there to the wolves...08:30
TaekI'm not sure what the current mining software landscape is like, but I imgaine that the vast majority of blocks with valid headers (which require a lot of hashing to create) are going to be completely valid08:31
Taekit should be profitable for a miner to immediately start mining on a new header and then validate after receiving the rest of the block08:31
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Taekthe only risk is that the rest of the block never shows up, but you can just set a 10s timeout08:32
Taekthat would be very expensive to DoS, because each 10s that you waste requires an entire valid block header08:32
CoinMuncher1yeah, but it's dangerous for a miner to start mining without verifying (according to core devs). They're assisting a DOS attack (even doublespend attack?) if it turns out to be invalid. I don't know the full details tbh. I wouldn't be surprised if a lot of miners do that anyway, but that's a different story.08:33
Taekit's certainly dangerous if you don't verify asap. I think the core-devs are mostly talking about miners that never verify the block, not miners with start mining a block a few seconds before verifying08:34
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trompI don't see how you can DOS attack with PoW satisfying headers, you could only produce only a few headers per hour?!08:54
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Taektromp: it's a DoS if they are headers to invalid blocks and the miner doesn't verify the blocks08:55
trompright; but like you said, miners would not want to wait more than a few secs for getting the whole black to verify08:58
Taekright. As long as they are verifying quickly after, it should be fine08:59
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trompminers verify not because they fear this kind of attack but because they fear invalid blocks as result of stupidity or misconfigured miners09:01
trompwould be nice to see statistics on invalid blocks with satisfying PoW...09:02
trompmust be super-rare nowadays09:03
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CoinMuncher1yeah, I'm probably mistaken that it's for anti-DOS purposes. I mean any receiver of the headers would obviously check the hash. I'm fairly certain there is a good reason though for miners to wait until it's fully verified. Or maybe not for the miner individually, but for the Bitcoin network as a whole.09:15
CoinMuncher1That's one of the reasons why block propagation of bigger blocks is such a big deal now, right? If everyone could just wait 20 sec for the full block but in the meantime mine the next block, it wouldn't be such a big deal. Plus that the new miner can't put any transactions into the new block if he doesn't know which ones are already in the existing block.09:15
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gmaxwellCoinMuncher1: verifying a newly recieved block normally takes virtually no time, because the transactions/signatures are already cached.10:49
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gmaxwellFailing to validate it, if widely done, would severely undermine the security of bitcoin from the perspective of common SPV wallets; because no confirmation count "1" and dozens would be meaningful anymore... since once a bad transaction made it in there would be a potentially unbounded amount of time before that chain was abandoned.10:50
gmaxwellif they only verified later then it effectively means everyone needs to wait for more confirmations to have equal security; which might be tolerable-- but why?10:52
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temujinI'm not sure if there would be any amount of BTC you can put up as guarantee that would convince other miners to build upon your block; in fact I think the opposite would be the case, they'd simply reject that block and work on their own to try to capture the fee and avoid the risk of building upon a possibly invalid chain11:22
zooko`Can I download logs of this channel so that I can grep them? The search feature on https://botbot.me/freenode/bitcoin-wizards/2015-05-11/?tz=Etc/UTC isn't finding me what I need.11:24
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tromphow do you know it's on that date then?11:27
tromp(hi, Zooko!)11:27
zooko`tromp: I didn't mean to link to that specific date. And: hi there! :-)11:28
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trompah, you mean the Search feature on that site didnt find what you were looking for11:28
zooko_laptopThat's what I meant.11:29
zooko_laptopHow are you doing, tromp?11:29
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trompDoing fine, as usual:)11:29
trompI mean I'm slowly recovering from your loss of interest in deploying Cuckoo Cycle:-(11:30
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zooko_laptopAwww.11:33
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trompbut i guess i can always fork your code and "fix" the PoW :-)11:36
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zooko_laptopYes! :-)11:38
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trompdo you expect to be ready by 2016?11:41
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zooko_laptopYes!11:46
zooko_laptopDon't tell anybody okay? This is top secret.11:47
zooko_laptopBut we're currently planning to launch a testnet in August.11:47
zooko_laptopOf this year.11:47
* nsh smiles11:47
trompthat's faster than (i) expected11:48
trompthat suggests you started on the implementation already11:49
zooko_laptopWe have!11:49
zooko_laptopI spend all of my time trying to raise money.11:49
zooko_laptopDon't tell anyone that, either.11:49
trompso you're mostly done building out the programming team?11:49
zooko_laptopBut others of our team spend their time writing unit tests and other such useful stuff.11:49
zooko_laptopUm, we're going to open source everything we have ASAP, so I can then point you to details.11:50
zooko_laptopLet me see if I can summarize.11:50
zooko_laptopThere's a lot of QA/security/robustness/testing -type work to do.11:50
zooko_laptopAnd, yes, a few pieces of functionality yet to be implemented.11:50
zooko_laptopBut the basic secure Pour transactions and the blockchain and network are all finished.11:51
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tromppour it on!11:52
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Taekzooko_laptop: that's really exciting, looking forward to it.12:17
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nsh\o/12:18
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zooko_laptopTaek: thanks!!12:29
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moahttp://it.slashdot.org/story/15/05/20/1258251 the cynicism is strong with this one15:36
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nsh.title15:46
yoleaux'Logjam' Vulnerability Threatens Encrypted Connections - Slashdot15:46
nshcynical how, moa?15:46
nshour favourite TLA pals indisputably spend a lot of resources undermining virtual private network security, by as many means as  fit into their budget (and secret budget)15:47
nshi'm not sure what's cynical except the behaviour of leaders of the free world15:48
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moansh: exploiting an obsolete compromised behaviour arising from laws enacted by their bidding16:22
moanot to say that the current set of laws enacted by their bidding wont be cyncially exploited far into the future16:22
moaeither16:22
moayou seem to think the 'leaders' of the free world have technical input into these laws :)16:23
nshah, right; we're on the same page. i mistook that you were suggesting that commenters were being over-cynical16:23
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nshwell, to keep [vaguely] on topic. why did all these VPN implementations use standardized primes in the first place?16:24
moaTIL: predicting the future is difficult, predicting human reaction to the future is next to impossible16:25
moasrry OT16:25
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moansh: good question ... because "people shouldn't roll their own crypto"?16:31
moamaybe the standardised ones are different from the standardized ones16:32
hulkhogan_nsh: i thought it was b/c DHE export laws purposely demanded for crippled crypto16:33
gmaxwell16:25 < nsh> well, to keep [vaguely] on topic. why did all these VPN implementations use standardized primes in the first place?16:35
gmaxwellbecause generating acceptable numbers for a DH group is computationally expensive.16:35
gmaxwell(worse than generating RSA keys)16:35
gmaxwellAnd assuming your group is good there is no known harm in using a standarized one--- (if your group is weak enough that doing the precomputation to crack many keys makes sense, then next year it'll be weak enough that just cracking single keys makes sense)16:37
* nsh nods16:37
gmaxwellAlso, if you'll note-- some of this logjam stuff has pointed out that things using their own groups are actually using groups which aren't safe primes or aren't even primes!16:37
nshwhy are DH group primes more expensive to generate/filter than primes for RSA exponents?16:37
nshheh16:38
moa'aren't even primes' ... lol16:38
* nsh reads http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/54359/what-is-the-difference-between-diffie-hellman-generator-2-and-516:39
gmaxwellBecause you need to check that p-1/2 is prime as well; also the primes you're looking for are larger (as for RSA you find half-sized P and Q)16:39
nsh(goes into some detail)16:39
nshah, right16:39
nshi think strong prime generation should be a public service under the auspices of the UN or some such organization that is maybe less bureaucratic and useless16:40
gmaxwellthese days its not really much of a consideration.  But you could just as well ask why ECC stuff doesn't use per user random curves.16:40
nshi'd hazard there are more ways to pick a bad ECC curve than a bad DH prime16:41
nshbut it's economies-of-scale that are the real problem here16:42
nsh(combined with a network adversary that also has massive storage and computation resources)16:42
gmaxwellnsh: just like picking acceptable DH primes-- if you only care about security and not speed-- there are a few known things to test for. otherwise random is fine.16:43
phantomcircuitnsh, it takes minutes to generate 2048 bit DH primes16:43
phantomcircuitit takes many minutes for 409616:43
nshthen *vpn developers should be politely encouraged to make this part of the configuration16:43
hulkhogan_thats quite interesting, in particular the aspect of group weakness being the spof for DH security16:44
gmaxwellin any case, ISTM that group flexiblity was actually a liability here, as the defaults were okay but locally generated groups were sometimes insecure (for unknown reasons)16:45
nshheh, cryptokid actually asked a cogent question about this a couple of years ago: http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/1999/is-it-safer-to-generate-your-own-diffie-hellman-primes-or-to-use-those-defined-i16:46
kanzurecryptokid does not appear on that link16:47
nsh(kaepora, i mean. i reserve the right to be mean indefinitely, or at least until i meet him and determine that he's actually a nice person)16:47
nsh*to be mean about him16:47
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nshand in this SE he was actually being prescient, and the answering parties myopic, to a certain extent anyway16:48
gmaxwellnsh: the thing we don't know now that would be interesting is why did the non-prime (or non-safe-prime) DH groups exist?  It's not like the primality testing failed.16:49
nshsubversion perhaps?16:49
gmaxwell(the normal primality testing trivially reaches probablities thate are better than 1 failure in 2^100)16:49
nshcan they be correlated with particular software16:49
phantomcircuitnsh, oh and trying to generate large dh primes needs lots and lots of entropy16:49
* nsh nods16:50
gmaxwellphantomcircuit: it doesn't really just crappy software needs lots of entropy.16:50
nshthere's a perfect primality testing algorithm since 2012 or so, i believe16:50
gmaxwellThe prime isn't even secret, so you don't need any entropy at all!16:50
kanzure"Actually, it's not actually true that "it doesn't matter what prime you use"; certain primes (say, primes where p−1 is smooth) are a really bad idea. In addition, it's a good to generate p so that you know a large prime factor q, so that you can generate a generator for a subgroup that size."16:50
nsh.wik AKS test primes16:51
yoleaux"The AKS primality test (also known as Agrawal–Kayal–Saxena primality test and cyclotomic AKS test) is a deterministic primality-proving algorithm created and published by Manindra Agrawal, Neeraj Kayal, and Nitin Saxena, computer scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, on August 6, 2002, in a paper titled "PRIMES is in P"." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS_primality_test16:51
nshokay, less recently than i remembered16:51
phantomcircuitgmaxwell, openssl wants like megabytes of /dev/random output to generate a 4096 bit dh prime16:52
phantomcircuitplausibly it's just a bug though16:52
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gmaxwellnsh: APR is from like the 1980s.. though I guess it's not quite polynomial but it doesn't really matter.16:53
gmaxwellphantomcircuit: sure, because openssl is dumb.16:53
gmaxwellIt's not even a blinking secret. You do want to not generate the same as someone else (otherwise you'd just use the RFC ones), sure but reading 100-200 bits and using a CSPRNG  (or just _incrementing_) for your test points would be fine.16:54
nsh.wik Adleman–Pomerance–Rumely primality test16:54
yoleaux"In computational number theory, the Adleman–Pomerance–Rumely primality test is an algorithm for determining whether a number is prime. Unlike other, more efficient algorithms for this purpose, it avoids the use of random numbers, so it is a deterministic primality test." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adleman%E2%80%93Pomerance%E2%80%93Rumely_primality_test16:54
nshi wish i had enough maths to contemplate how these primality testing algorithms relate to the riemann hypothesis16:55
nshwe were discussing something recently that related to a generalized zeta function. can't remember what though now16:56
gmaxwellnsh: but really I dunno that for these applications that you care if its sound. For the probablistic ones every test iteration e.g. doubles your probablity rejecting a non-prime, so you can become arbritarily confident fast. After not many iterations its more likely that software errors, bitflips, or some fundimental misunderstanding of mathmatmatics has created greater risk than a false result f16:57
gmaxwellrom the probablistic test.16:57
* nsh nods16:57
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nshpragmatically, statistical testing to the desired confidence is fine for all intents and purposes. theoretically, deterministic testing is [possibly] more likely to help elucidate Hard Questions about number theory16:58
phantomcircuitnsh, 4096 bit dh prime 7m52.618s16:58
nshoh, nice16:58
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nshmight be worth someone blogging some benchmarks to dissuade any laziness on the part of VPN provider mitigations16:59
phantomcircuitthere's little reason for servers not to generate their own dh prime in the background when they're started though16:59
gmaxwellnsh: fortunately it seems that there doesn't have to be a _use_ for number theory for people to go on thinking it up. :)16:59
* nsh smiles16:59
nshquite16:59
nshrecalls a discussion i was having last night based on this reporting: https://www.quantamagazine.org/20150519-will-computers-redefine-the-roots-of-math/17:00
gmaxwellphantomcircuit: well the reason would be whatever unknown cause there was for non-safe DH numbers on thousands of hosts. :)17:00
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nsh(precis: widespread use of Coq might be able to achieve part of the early 20th century overambitious project of systematizing mathematics mechanically)17:01
nshbut with less hubris this time around, hopefully17:02
phantomcircuitgmaxwell, true17:02
nshCoq is a deduction framework, and as Poincare succinctly said: "it is by deduction that we prove, but it is by intuition that we discover"17:02
moansh: http://people.brandeis.edu/~cwe/pdfs/primes_and_riemann.pdf might be good place to start re: riemann => primes17:03
nshty moa17:03
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nshthere's also: http://empslocal.ex.ac.uk/people/staff/mrwatkin/zeta/riemannhyp.htm17:04
gmaxwellnsh: deductive systems can help greatly in discovery too. Because you can take a guess and ask the system if it holds-- given all you've taught it so far, and get a yes/no/maybe right away... and this can greatly speed up your work.17:04
nshright17:04
moazeoes of zeta and distribution of primes is just so weird there is something deep in there ... i think it is what drives most of the interest in riemann17:05
nshideally, we want mathematics to be almost entirely creative and intuitive, leaving the drudgery to the machines of loving grace17:05
moazeroes of zeta17:05
* nsh nods17:06
nshoh that was it, hyperelliptic curve cryptography has a relation to riemann / zeta function17:07
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nshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperelliptic_curve_cryptography#Order_of_the_Jacobian17:07
moai've found some clues but nothing definitive17:07
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moaa link between bernoulli and euler numbers e.g.17:08
moaa closed form for apery's and a general solution for zeta(2n+1) family would be a good start17:10
* nsh nods17:11
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moabut wait there's more! ;)17:13
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frankenminthow big can a transaction hash be in digits?17:42
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nshbinary or binascii?17:45
frankenmintuh i think binascii17:45
nsh--17:45
nshA sha256 is 256 bits long -- as its name indicates. If you are using an hexadecimal representation, each digit codes for 4 bits ; so you need 64 digits to represent 256 bits -- so, you need a varchar(64) , or a char(64) , as the length is always the same, not varying at all.10 Feb 201017:45
frankenmintnot compessed down17:45
nsh-- google inlines stackoverflow answers now...17:45
nsh(in search results, heh)17:46
nshmore details: http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/2859/how-are-transaction-hashes-calculated17:46
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frankenmintgreat answer to read17:49
frankenmintdumb related question anyone know why its using little endian?17:49
frankenminterr you answered I mean, do you know17:49
nshspeculations of this sort are inevitably apocryphal17:50
nsheither satoshi had different ideas about endianness at different times when he was designing bitcoin17:50
nshor the satoshis didn't quite form a coherent consensus on the matter17:50
* nsh is happy not knowing17:50
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frankenmintmy path towards compsci enlightenment improves just a little bit more today, thank you nsh17:53
frankenminthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation17:53
* nsh smiles17:53
moabig, little what's the difference it's still endian17:53
frankenmintyea I know what they are and have known for a long time17:54
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frankenmintbut I'm not grasping why one is used over another or what point it came up that two equally systems work17:54
frankenmintlike working with + or - but its just using absolute value17:54
nshoh, there are good pages on this17:54
moabi-endian17:55
moainteroperability is always good17:55
nshthe short answer is: legacy. the longer answer has to do with architectural quirks of processors and network interfaces17:55
moakeeps them on their toes17:55
nshthe answers here are enlightening: http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/95556/what-is-the-advantage-of-little-endian-format17:56
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* frankenmint read that as he reads "On simple low-cost processors, typically, bitwise operations are substantially faster than division, several times faster than multiplication, and sometimes significantly faster than addition. While modern processors usually perform addition and multiplication just as fast as bitwise operations due to their longer instruction pipelines and other architectural design choices, 17:56
* frankenmint bitwise operations do commonly use less power because of the reduced use of resources."17:56
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dgenr8middle-out-endian has the best Weissman score18:18
nsh.wik Weissman score18:18
yoleaux"Silicon Valley is an American television sitcom created by Mike Judge, John Altschuler and Dave Krinsky. The series focuses on six young men who found a startup company in Silicon Valley. The series premiered on April 6, 2014, on HBO. The first season consisted of eight episodes." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Valley_(TV_series)18:18
nshdgenr8, gobbledegook metric?18:19
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phantomcircuitnsh, still generating the 8192 bit primes18:36
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nshhehe18:40
nshphantomcircuit, using openssl, or?18:40
phantomcircuityeah18:42
phantomcircuit105:31.0018:43
phantomcircuitdat cpu time18:43
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moaphantomcircuit: primecoin`18:56
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phantomcircuitmoa, DH safe prime generator19:12
moasounds like a new mining algo for yet another alt19:13
moasuitably half-baked too19:14
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phantomcircuitmoa, openssl gendh 819219:17
moaGenerating DH parameters, 8192 bit long safe prime, generator 219:21
moaThis is going to take a long time19:21
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* nsh wonders why, if all generators are provably equivalent, there are two conventional ones19:32
nsh(2, and 5)19:32
nshand how they were selected19:32
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phantomcircuitnsh, still running20:20
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phantomcircuitnsh, real396m55.804s23:54
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phantomcircuithttp://0bin.net/paste/Vk0K0uN31ZA43QCd#wSKKTU2bWLkcJIRaKysjkBqANNe58ssc5zzQ782wf2Q23:54
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