2015-10-03.log

--- Log opened Sat Oct 03 00:00:46 2015
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maakuIs it possible to have a merged mined system whereby the block relay of all chains are not synchronized?08:30
maakuThe solution may be a variant of Bitcoin NG with some sort of per-chain weak block that follows the merged mined block...08:31
maakuDoing this would actually make sidechains a scaling solution.08:31
arubimaaku, can't answer your question fully, do you mean relayed to all nodes or only to miners that are part of a certain pool (like p2pool does)? I assume the former08:32
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maakuSo the reason sidechains are not a sclaing solution is that the miner has to mine all chains to stay profitable.08:36
maakuAnd specifically although sidechains are inherently shareded (different daemons can run on different severs), the block relay is all done at once for the merged mined chains08:36
maakuSo as much as bandwidth and latency are the limiters, sidechains make it the same or worse as a single big block.08:37
gmaxwellhuh, no08:39
psztorcQuestion: Has anyone suggested that difficulty be cut in half at exactly the time that the coinbase-reward halves?08:39
gmaxwellsatisfaction criteria can be totally orthorgonal (though it needs to share a common share criteria for communications efficiency.08:39
psztorcI did a search but the keywords are overloaded.08:39
maakugmaxwell: right, I'm imagining searching for offset ranges08:40
gmaxwellmaaku: its the same implenentation as anti-withholding; but I think you are expecting it to have more interesting effects than it does.08:40
gmaxwelllack of any true scaling improvement comes mostly not due to synchronization but because the systems remain global broadcast systems that depend on very widespread (if not quite ubiquitious) participation. :)08:41
maakugmaxwell: oh wait I see. no complicated Bitcoin NG like system required, you just accept different ranges for merged mining satisfaction08:41
gmaxwellmaaku: yes IsBitcoinShare() && arbritary_function(header)<target2 in fact.08:42
gmaxwelladjusting target2 to to account for the work represented by the share difficulty.08:42
maakuright as a practical engineering matter you'd want to make sure it's at least diff-108:43
gmaxwell(that complexity so that you're not asking the hardware to test arbritary_function().08:43
gmaxwell)08:43
maakugmaxwell: that argument doesn't make sense to me, although I am likely misunderstanding..08:43
maakuif there were 20 1MB sidechains, each with their own aux_fn(header) that makes them independent of each other, then you'd effectively spread block relay out over roughtly 30s intervals, no?08:45
gmaxwellthe hardware isn't going to send back every sha2 invocation it performs, right? it's going to send back a subset and (unless you redesign it and tolerate overheads), it'll be the same subset for all your potential real solutions.08:45
gmaxwelloh sorry didn't get what you were commenting on.08:45
gmaxwellmaaku: block relay _already_ doesn't primarily happen at block finding now, due to relay network protocol.08:45
gmaxwelland certantly can do much better with other enhancements.08:46
maakugmaxwell: right, but managing the worst/adversarial case.08:46
maakuwhich sets limits on scaling08:46
bsm117532psztorc: difficulty is calculated dynamically.  No one decides difficulty so no one can "decide" to halve the difficulty. (though it could happen if half the miners turn their machines off).  Also -> #bitcoin08:46
gmaxwellSo sure I agree that breaking things up is an improvement, but it doesn't change the asymtopics or the scale/decenteralization tradeoffs (except by constant factors)08:46
gmaxwellbsm117532: I thought it was a fine question.08:46
psztorcbsm117532: I am talking about adding a rule which deliberately halves it once every four years.08:47
maakugmaxwell: well a constant factor of 20 is not something to sneeze at08:47
psztorcgmaxwell: Thank you.08:47
maakubut yes it doesn't definitively solve the problem08:47
bsm117532psztorc: how would you do that?  It's calculated from the average of recent blocks.08:47
maakubut I believe I have been incorrect in pedanticly correcting other people that sidechains are not a scaling solution08:47
bsm117532So one can't add a rule to set it.08:48
gmaxwellmaaku: I don't think it's at all a factor of 20 0_o08:48
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smoothbsm117532: he's saying that on the inverval you just divide it by two08:48
smooth*interval right after the having08:48
bsm117532The effect of that would be to halve the block time.08:48
psztorcHaha08:49
psztorcYou should give me a little more credit, I think.08:49
gmaxwellpsztorc: prior times its come up people have pointed out that half the hashrate turning off at once wouldn't be a big deal. and that proposed automatic correction could be entirely out of wack with transaction fees.  Ignoring that later point, I doubt it would break anything but does not appear to be needed.08:49
smoothanyway, im not sure half is right. why would you necessarily expect exactly half the miners to turn of08:49
bsm117532Maybe, I don't understand what you're proposing.08:49
gmaxwell(and activity around the last having didn't suggest a need)08:49
smoothi would expect some to turn off, though not exactly half (without much thought to a real model though)08:50
gmaxwell(though I don't mean to suggest that half hashrate has any correspondance there)08:50
maakupsztorc: it would merely delay by 2016 blocks the adjustment08:50
psztorcLet me clarify my concern, based on my own intuition and conversations with actual mining pool operators.08:50
gmaxwell(rather just that huge hashrate changes don't greatly impair things)08:50
psztorcThe concern is that two things have happened over the last 3 or so years.08:50
bsm117532The difficulty adjustment in bitcoin is extremely naive.  There are many better ways to do it.  But just throwing a factor of two at it isn't a real improvement.08:51
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smooththe concern is simple: some miners will almost certainly turn off as soon as the halving happens, so block times will be extended08:51
gmaxwellbsm117532: I disagree strongly with that statement FWIW.08:51
smoothoh wait, maybe they all turn off, hmm08:52
gmaxwellbsm117532: there are many desirable properties of the box filter, including no overshoot. And quite a few altcoins have actually destroyed themselves tinkering with what they believed to be "extremely naive".08:52
psztorcThe first is that mining is now very homogeneous in specialization...margins are EQUALLY-thin everywhere...sell for $1000, cost $998.08:52
smoothi think that's what psztorc is getting at08:52
smoothif they're all equal, they all just turn off and bitcoin ends08:52
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gmaxwelllol08:52
gmaxwellno.08:52
psztorcThe second is that we have reached a point where non-specialized people cannot "cover" for the network if we lose the miners.08:52
bsm117532gmaxwell: The "naive" part?  it's an overly simple calculation and very easy to game. Bitcoin has been lucky to not have huge hashrate swings.08:52
smoothgmaxwell: why not?08:52
maakupsztorc: it would have be more complex than halving the difficulty, because if you do that you'll just have 2016 5-min blocks and a 2x adjustment 7 days later08:53
gmaxwellsmooth: put down the crack pipe, should something like that happen (not saying it can't but more in a moment) then you hardfork perfork that change with minor disruption.08:53
gmaxwellthere is no "over".08:53
psztorcmaaku: That is exactly what I think will not happen.08:53
smoothof course it was a stupid/simple model, but im explaining the reason for the question08:53
gmaxwellsmooth: regardless in large scale industrial mining right now there are power cost disparities far beyond a factor of two.08:53
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psztorcI think instead you might actually have 10 minute blocks and no adjustment.08:53
psztorcgmaxwell: I agree but my concern is that the profit margin does not differ by a factor of two.08:54
smoothgmaxwell: sure, but it isn't clear that dividing by two is more wrong than not dividing by two08:54
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maakupsztorc: except if you half the difficulty for half the reward, all the miners that were on before will be on after (assuming trivial fees)08:54
gmaxwellsmooth: I agree so long as you totally disregard fees which is pretty dull more than two halvings out.08:54
bsm117532psztorc: the difficulty adjustment targets 10 minute blocks.  If half the miners disappeared, blocks would be 20 minutes for a while, and then back to 10 minutes 2 weeks later. (effectively achieving what you propose, 2 weeks later)08:55
maakubsm117532: 4 weeks, but yes08:55
psztorccut it by (3/4), then.08:55
psztorc"the difficulty adjustment targets 10 minute blocks.  If half the miners disappeared, blocks would be 20 minutes for a while" This is not clear to me.08:55
bsm117532Yes 4 weeks.08:55
bsm117532psztorc: Why are you trying to guess what miners will do?  Just measure it instead.08:55
smoothgmaxwell: when the subsidy becomes "negligible" i agree, not sure when that is exactly. "fees" aren't really the point it is profit margin on fees08:56
psztorcNormally, yes, but during the halving, it could take really any length of time.08:56
maakubsm117532: because we don't know their costs08:56
bsm117532maaku: I think we're agreeing with each other.08:56
gmaxwellpsztorc: what is not clear to you?08:56
maakupsztorc: I'm surprised you haven't suggested a prediction market because that's what really is needed here ;)08:56
maakuwe don't know how miners will respond because we don't know their cost sensitivities08:57
psztorc: ]08:57
gmaxwell(I'm just trying to get a clarify because it just sounded like you were saying that it wasn't clear that half the hashrate loss would result in 20 minute blocks; which I think you're not actually unclear on :))08:58
psztorcThe thing is, my concern is indeed some more-realistic version of "all the miners shut of their incredibly specialized hardware at once".08:58
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psztorcIf the capital costs are sunk, it is all electricity.08:58
psztorcSo they might all decide to take a 2 week break.08:59
maakupsztorc: the dystopian vision is unlikely to happen due to a significant fraction of miners e.g. having free electricity08:59
bsm117532psztorc: So measure it.  Which bitcoin does by looking at the block time and readjusting 2016 blocks later08:59
psztorcThat single 2016 block period might last like 2 months or something.08:59
bsm117532It might.08:59
gmaxwellbsm117532: his complaint is that it takes blocks to adjust.08:59
maakubut I do worry about major consolidation as these players are basically the only ones left after the halving..08:59
psztorcI'm not saying it is inevitable or anything.08:59
smoothin the less realistic version it might last forever08:59
bsm117532This goes back to my "naive" comment.  If bitcoin's goal were to maintain a stable block time, it's using a terrible algorithm.  The argument is that this is not a goal.09:00
psztorcActual mining pool operators are worried about this (for what that's worth).09:00
gmaxwellYes, as I said, it's possible.. but expect in the really extreme cases its no big deal. It might have been more sensible to adjust it (though constant half doesn't makes sense due to fees, esp in the long run).09:00
smoothim not sure the constant half makes sense even without fees09:00
maakualt coins have seen that when hashing drops by 50x or 100x blocks are so infrequent that there's a vicious cycle of losing interest09:01
smoothall 1/2 does is make no one turn off, which is probabyl not what is desired09:01
gmaxwellsmooth: "less stupid than not"09:01
maakubut i'm not sure a 2x or 4x drop would be significant in that wya09:01
gmaxwellpsztorc: there are other effects though, of course because there an increased demand pressure because inflation just halved.09:02
bsm117532FWIW if achieving stable block times is desirable, I can offer up a much better algorithm than has been used by any alt coin so far.  But no one seems to care about this, so I haven't pursued it.09:02
psztorcI agree that 1/2 pushes the problem back...try 3/4.09:02
psztorcbsm117532: "FWIW if achieving stable block times is desirable," no one is saying that.09:02
gmaxwellbsm117532: stable blocktimes are generally incompatible with both fairness (not allowing large miners an advantage) and actually achieving consensus!09:02
smoothpsztorc: 3/4 could theoretically result in a stall too...09:02
psztorcsmooth: I agree.09:02
gmaxwellbsm117532: as the variance in block finding times is the fundimental process that makes the system gain consensus with exponential probablity.09:03
maakubsm117532: there is interest in better adjustment algorithms (for sidechains, for example)09:03
psztorcThe phrase "less wrong" comes to mind.09:03
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maakubsm117532: but, with respect, this may be a harder problem than you're giving credit09:03
gmaxwellbsm117532: its seriously easy to do worse, as I mentioned before.09:04
bsm117532gmaxwell: One can keep constant variance while keeping the median block time at 10 minutes.  I'm not arguing for decreased variance, just keeping the central value closer to 10m.09:04
gmaxwellbsm117532: okay, retract my varriance related complaint then. :P09:05
bsm117532Ok...then to fairness.  Can you elaborate?09:05
gmaxwellbsm117532: that was also variance related.09:05
bsm117532Ah ok.09:05
bsm117532So the better algorithm is just to use a damped harmonic oscillator.09:05
psztorcI actually think this is pretty serious.09:05
gmaxwellbsm117532: the other stuff is that e.g. any generic least squares  optimizing scheme will have overshoot which risks you the psztorc non-linear shutoff effects at every difficulty adjustment.09:06
smoothpsztorc: you think there could be in practice a catestrophic lengthening of the block time?09:06
bsm117532gmaxwell: hence the "damped" part of the oscillator.09:06
psztorcI mean, if this spooks people, the exchange rate will probably go down, and people might not bother sending transactions.09:06
bsm117532Avoids overshoot.09:06
gmaxwellbsm117532: _any_ overshoot is potentially doom under psztorc's complaint.09:06
psztorcSo the revenues would just spiral into the ground while the difficulty chokes everyone out.09:06
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bsm117532I see.  From a miner profit perspective, constant block times are actually very important...09:07
psztorcYes, unfortunately this "homogeneous specialization" is sort of fragile.09:07
gmaxwellpsztorc: people gloomed about this at 50->25. and it didn't happen, and I think you are not crediting the levels of similarity we still have.09:07
maakubsm117532: see freicoin's : https://github.com/freicoin/freicoin/commit/d82a66e10f413bc81889b48a498625829353d70109:07
bsm117532maaku: egad what is that noise?09:08
smoothhehe09:08
bsm117532kFilterCoeff...09:08
gmaxwellbsm117532: a linear phase lowpass filter.09:08
smooththe commit message explains it09:08
bsm117532Commit message is truncated.  github fail.09:09
gmaxwell(with a bunch of group delay)09:09
nshreally want a 6th order bandpass09:09
bsm117532aha, then that's a good idea ;-)09:09
psztorcI suppose I will look into the 50 -> 25 conditions more, specifically profit margin homogeneity, before commenting further.09:09
nshthat's where all the cool optima hang out09:09
maakugmaxwell: to be fair, the price spiked just before the 50 -> 25 halving, so we didn't actually learn much :(09:09
gmaxwellbsm117532: so much for the idea that you actually understood that overshoot is basically optimally bad from psztorc's perspective.09:10
gmaxwellmaaku: this was " of course because there an increased demand pressure because inflation just halved"09:10
bsm117532gmaxwell: :-P09:10
bsm117532So I like this Freicoin approach, I hadn't seen it before.09:11
gmaxwellseriously control theory is a whole domain of science onto itself, and especially non-linear control is especially nasty. And one of the most potent lessons for non-linear control is that if your model is wrong doom can befall you badly, and so often simpler models are better.09:11
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gmaxwellbsm117532: Doesn't speak highly of your understanding.09:12
bsm117532However: is it any better than a simple damped harmonic oscillator?  This can be cast as a measurement problem: how well do I know the hashrate and its first and second derivatives?  Doing a derivative expansion, you end up with a damped harmonic oscillator by default.09:12
bsm117532gmaxwell: be nice09:12
gmaxwellBecause seriously, how the @#$@ can you decide you like that approach in a discussion where psztorc is complaining that difficulty overshoot can kill the system!09:12
nshye shall not suffer a complexity to live09:12
gmaxwellsorry, just a little irritated. Haven't slept.09:12
nshall good :)09:13
bsm117532I don't know anything about the Parks-McClellan filter, but it's a much better attempt than "gravity well" which is basically bullshit.09:13
nsh.wik Parks McClellan09:13
yoleaux"The Parks–McClellan algorithm, published by James McClellan and Thomas Parks in 1972, is an iterative algorithm for finding the optimal Chebyshev finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The Parks–McClellan algorithm is utilized to design and implement efficient and optimal FIR filters." — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parks-McClellan09:13
gmaxwellgo find a nice bessel filter and at least avoid getting my vomit all over you.09:13
nsh'The goal of the algorithm is to minimize the error in the pass and stop bands by utilizing the Chebyshev approximation. The Parks–McClellan algorithm is a variation of the Remez exchange algorithm, with the change that it is specifically designed for FIR filters. It has become a standard method for FIR filter design.'09:14
gmaxwellbsm117532: yes that stuff is BS and usually opens up big attacks and other nonsense.09:14
nsh.wik Chebyshev approximation09:14
yoleaux"In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing the errors introduced thereby. Note that what is meant by best and simpler will depend on the application." — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev_approximation09:14
nshthis is especially pernicious because the subsumed complexity is opaque09:14
nshso it's hard even to reason about possible attack classes except that they exist with high likelihood09:15
maakufor what it's worth the freicoin difficulty chart does show these dynamics at play : http://www.coinwarz.com/difficulty-charts/freicoin-difficulty-chart09:15
bsm117532That seems to be failing to achieve stability...looks like it's generating oscillations...09:15
nshbut you can't know the extent to which the data it operated on was controlled by an (adaptively) adversarial party or cohort09:16
maakuyou see the oscillations of pool hoppers going somewhere else when difficulty rises09:16
nshyou can consider bounded oscillations to be stable09:16
nshit's about what you define as 'reasonable' periodic variance09:16
maakubsm117532: it's constrained to a livable amount, and you would not expect exactly this behavior with bitcoin (becuase the alternative is shutting off, not going somewhere else)09:16
bsm117532It appears to be a linear decay to the lower hashrate.09:16
nshperiodic and aperiodic variance can be separated spectral analysis09:17
nsh[FFT]09:17
gmaxwellin any case, one should not knock the humble box filter. It has many desirable properties. Including no overshoot at all. :P  though there filters with almost no overshoot that have other desirable properties (minimal group delay at DC is very useful for control.)09:17
bsm117532Harmonic analysis is probably not appropriate here.  I see no reason to believe miners turn things on and off in an oscilltory fashion.09:17
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nshno but harmonics may be intrinsic to the targeting system09:18
psztorcIf fees and the blockreward were both 25 BTC (totaling 50), then one could expect the halving to result in slower block times to increase fee-pressure. It might be 12.5 blockreward + 37.5 fees.09:18
smooththey turn off in response to difficulty, that's enough potentially09:18
nshand those below a certain magnitude accepted09:18
bsm117532Likewise with financial markets (which are essentially a set of random impulses) generally don't have oscillatory behavior.09:18
nshglad we solved recessions09:19
maakubsm117532: freicoin had design requirements of being finite response, not infinite, and minimizing overshoot  to the greatest extent possible (using back-tested real world data)09:19
nshi'll inform the our mortgage lender09:19
nsh:)09:19
nsh-the09:19
maakuwithin that specification of the problem I think it's a pretty close to optimal solution.09:19
maakuthere's just only so much you can do in an adversarial environment09:19
smoothyou cant backtest thats for sure09:20
psztorcSo it would only be a problem when the block-reward is large enough to be motivating, but miners are homogeneous enough to all be affected by the reward halfing at once.09:20
nshand the more you do, the more you complexity you offer to the adversary09:20
nshthis is inevitable unless you constrain your functions extremely09:20
gmaxwellmaaku: you could have relaxed the finite response requirement by commiting to the filter state at each block.09:20
psztorcSo perhaps it would only ever be a problem in 2016 and 2020.09:20
gmaxwellthen there is no reason for finiteness.09:20
maakugmaxwell: yet another commitment? ugh09:21
bsm117532FWIW I've been working on converting the block "chain" to a DAG (multiple parents per block).  With this you can substantially increase the block rate without orphans, and get a much finer time resolution measurement of the hash rate.09:21
gmaxwellI mean I would have just added it to the header.09:22
bsm117532I think I can remove block time, block size, and target difficulty altogether.09:22
nshbsm117532, you should peruse the logs from here for DAG talk09:22
gmaxwellit would just be two additional fixed point numbers (assuming a second order filter) and you could compute the next block with only one block input, instead of the last bunch.09:22
bsm117532I'm well aware.09:22
* nsh nods09:22
bsm117532For reference: http://fc15.ifca.ai/preproceedings/paper_101.pdf09:23
bsm117532Reducing the set of arbitrary parameters in the code and commitments makes the system more resilient.09:24
nsh(i am in favour of DAG vs. single-history periodic ordering if it can be empirically demonstrated as viable)09:24
nsh(because this allows for some other interesting stuff)09:24
bsm117532Yay!  Working on it.09:24
* nsh smiles09:24
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maakugmaxwell: would it give significantly better results?09:24
bsm117532I've got some new formulas for "highest work DAG-tip" calculation, which is needed.09:25
nsh(especially operating on the relative state of piecewise-inconsistent superposed time-shapes of capital flow)09:25
nshor partially-inconsistent09:25
nshbut where you can model functionally the degree of boundaries of inconsistency09:25
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bsm117532nsh: what other "interesting stuff" does it allow?  Can you elaborate?  (Don't understand your last comment)09:25
nsh*and09:26
nshi mean that already we can analyse the time-shapes of capital flow.  we can watch bitcoins moving through the system over time and reduce these to compositions of particular classes of shapes09:26
gmaxwellmaaku: I believe a second order bessel filter or likewise would give signficantly better results. This is because the delay is basically as low as possible for DC, and there is virtually no overshoot.  But ... hard to say without trying, I know for other control systems an approach like freicoin's will often immediately give self-oscillation where a bessel filter will not.  I have fixed point cod09:27
gmaxwelle for one of these someplace.09:27
nshand that's great, and largely unelaborated still, but if you have a DAG then you can afford some degree of inconsistency in the transaction chain09:27
bsm117532gmaxwell: Let me do a derivative expansion on your bessel function, I'll end up with a damped harmonic oscillator and a 3rd derivative term that is very poorly measured.09:27
nshand then you can analyse what properties that results in and think about the relative-state, which is a bit more abstract still but related to Everett's interpretation of QM09:28
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nshpoorly measured as in hard to know its average contribution?09:29
bsm117532In my DAG approach, I'm removing the target difficulty and block time.  Each miner chooses his own (which complicates the highest-work-chain calculation -- but it can be done).09:29
nshsounds very difficult to make an argument for convergence of consensus09:30
nshwithout semi-objective block-time and difficulty09:30
nshbut i'm open-minded09:30
maakuremoving block time? that's removing a primary feature of bitcoin09:30
bsm117532nsh: poorly measured (3rd derivative).  1st derivative is finite difference between two blocks, averaged.  2nd derivative is differences of those, and so on.  Errors compound with higher derivatives.09:30
nshah, okay09:31
bsm117532Which is why most control systems don't go beyond 2 derivatives.09:31
nshi'm assuming there would still be an varying average blocktime under bsm117532's proposal09:31
nshyou could say over some period what the average blocktime over all the individual miners was09:31
bsm117532nsh: there would be no block time. Shove out blocks as fast as you want.  Peer nodes set the minimum difficulty that they will relay.09:32
bsm117532The hashrate can be measured by looking at the distribution of seen blocks.  But, I want to remove it from consideration, so that these parameters can be used for bandwidth control by nodes/miners instead.09:33
nshoh okay, that's a kind of relay-level voting 'market' for that gives a function for blocktime in terms of hashrate [and difficulty 'to date']09:33
nshwell, everyone is choosing to increase their individually in theory so it's an average over a bunch of functions09:34
bsm117532Basically.  There would be in effect an average block rate, but it comes from the chaos of how nodes are setting their parameters, and does not harm consensus.09:34
bsm117532If you want to shoot out blocks 10/second with small hashes go ahead, I might ignore you, and take a block from someone else who has bundled your blocks/tx's into a higher-work block.09:35
gmaxwellawful useful for having any confidence you've been paid or not... :P09:35
Taekpsztorc: We discussed the coinbase halving in a roundtable in Montral. The conclusion was that it won't be an issue09:36
bsm117532Aaaaand organizing the block reward is the hard part.09:36
Taekone of the big reasons is that many miners are locked into power contracts09:36
Taekif they shut off their miners, they actually pay higher bills because they promised to use X power at a constant rate09:36
psztorcWell I would like to learn more. If unprofitable, they'll eventually be shutting them off, so why not break the contract sooner rather than later.09:37
nshdepends on the terms of the contract09:38
TaekIf you are under legal contract to pay for a year of electricity, and have no clean way to break the contract, you might as well mine at half revenue09:38
gmaxwellThere are a number of factors that mitigate my concerns; that one isn't one of the highest just because ... many mining companies have historically violated power contracts (there is some nice multimillion dollar litigation going on about that. :) )...  but it's not, I think, too crazy to expect a zillion unrelated reasons to contribute to smoothing things out. :)09:39
nshbut even with a variance in the costs of early-termination you get a smoothing until deflationary effects counterbalance the loss of reward09:39
* nsh nods09:39
bsm117532Taek: I'm sure miners are taking that and the halving into account...09:39
smoothwhen you get down into the nuts and bolts of power the marginal cost can be negative09:39
psztorcYes, the "waterfall argument".09:40
smoothpsztorc: what is the waterfall argument09:40
psztorcWell the waterfall gives you power for like no operating cost. If it is on a mountain or something, transmitting the power is a waste so might as well just hash with it.09:41
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psztorcI think I heard it from Peter Todd somewhere.09:41
psztorcLike a power turbine making a constant amount of power you aren't using.09:42
smooththe point is someone has to use it09:42
smoothelectricity is incompressible09:42
maakusmooth: in a nutshell, there are hydrodams in china which aren't connected to anything using the power. there are bitcoin miners getting -paid- to use power from these09:42
nshplenty of places where there is a locality waste/expenditure09:42
smoothyeah pretty much that09:42
psztorcYeah I think that's great.09:42
smoothit happens in the US grids too09:43
bsm117532As I understand it it's partially a money-export scam, since Chinese can't easily get their assets out of Yuan.09:43
nshbut there's significant overhead, capital expenditure and risk analysis on installing mining equipment09:43
nshso there's a need for 'market-makers' in this respect to lend, install, support and remove mining h/w from places with excess power09:44
nshand that's still mostly not done09:44
bsm117532Corollary: PoS doesn't work because sometimes, marginal costs can be negative.  ;-)09:44
maakunsh: but once it is installed, there is absolutely no marginal cost to having them on09:44
nshthere is risk of fire09:44
nshetc.09:44
maakuprice could drop to $0.01/btc and these miners would stay on09:44
nshbut that can be covered by general insurance09:44
maakunsh: I think perhaps you misunderstand the locality ;)09:45
nshmaybe :)09:45
smooththe miners probably wouldn't stay on at 0.01/btc because people would find more useful ways to be an electricity sink09:45
smoothmail order battery charging09:46
bsm117532Hahaaaaa that's a smooth idea.09:46
psztorcWell I am not as worried...even if the 2016 blocks take a long time, there will probably be increased tx-fee pressure offsetting that.09:46
smoothkind of like the old netflix envelopes09:46
smoothpsztorc: you made a good point earlier that people (and their tranasctions) may just leave09:47
smoothwill people really compete for fees in one-day latancy blocks? maybe, but probably a lot less09:47
psztorcThe "confidence" thing.09:47
psztorcObviously always a problem.09:47
psztorcMy guess is that, if Bitcoin were being redesigned from scratch, it would probably benefit to measure the ratio of block-reward/tx-fees, and impose "difficulty forgiveness" during each reward-halving.09:48
Taekcomplexity often means vulnerability. Every time you add a new rule you have to be certain there aren't unintended consequences09:49
maakupsztorc: if it were redesigned from scratch it'd have a constantly adjusting block subsidy imho09:49
psztorcThe strange thing is that the difficulty adjustment itself causes miner-homogeneity, which causes this problem.09:50
maakuthen we wouldn't have this debate at all09:50
psztorcYes that would solve it wouldn't it.09:50
maaku(further proof that satoshi was not a time traveller)09:50
psztorcMy guess is that Satoshi didn't want anyone to think he was getting an "unfair" advantage.09:50
psztorcToo nice of a guy.09:50
psztorcGotta get those people in the door.09:50
nshif he was that nice of a guy he'd have given me loads of money by now09:50
psztorcThis is where Satoshi re-time-travels (and destroys this universe).09:51
psztorcSatoshi: make it 50 BTC to 25 BTC and *then* make it continuously declining.09:51
psztorc8 year fairness clause.09:52
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psztorcAre we all still here? Was this universe destroyed?09:52
smooththe other one was09:53
psztorc^09:53
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