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| archels | augur: thought of a similar scheme to downconvert the bat/rodent auditory range to human frequencies | 01:19 |
|---|---|---|
| archels | this may or may not be related http://hackaday.com/2014/01/10/a-vibrating-timepiece/ | 01:20 |
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| maaku | augur: minsky's 'frames' are magic boxes | 03:56 |
| maaku | how frames are learnt, how they are integrated into context-aware connections, and how that connecdtion array changes over time is completely unspecified, and is also the real heart of the matter | 03:57 |
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| chris_99 | kanzure, you know you have a trinocular amscope, do you have any piccys from it per chance? | 04:41 |
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| kanzure | chris_99: http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/irc/microscope/IMG_20140620_193236.jpg | 05:57 |
| kanzure | chris_99: http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/irc/microscope/IMG_20140621_135552.jpg | 05:57 |
| chris_99 | ooh wow cheers, so what adapter did you use for a camera, and what camera did you use? | 05:58 |
| eudoxia | cool, is that brain tissue | 05:58 |
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| archels | probably not | 06:04 |
| kanzure | no | 06:05 |
| kanzure | also no adapter | 06:05 |
| kanzure | camera was just some shitphone | 06:05 |
| kanzure | i recommend an adapter | 06:05 |
| chris_99 | ah wow, did you take a photo through the twin lenses you normally look through then | 06:09 |
| kanzure | i was using the trinocular port. | 06:10 |
| chris_99 | aha | 06:11 |
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| kanzure | 21:28 < zooko> kanzure: my wife, ambimorph, wrote a tagging system this summer: https://github.com/ambimorph/protagonist | 07:24 |
| kanzure | 05:44 < kanzure> "There is a subdirectory named ".protagonist/tags", and a subdirectory ".protagonist/tags/t" for every existing tag, t. Any file which is tagged with t is given a unique identifier and a hard link in the directory t." | 07:24 |
| kanzure | 05:44 < kanzure> i dunno about this... | 07:24 |
| kanzure | i don't really like the idea of using hardlinks like this | 07:24 |
| kanzure | if you are going to be using filenames then you might as well be making a tagging file sytsem | 07:25 |
| kanzure | er, tagging file system | 07:25 |
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| pasky_ | kanzure: how would that fit with "A major design constraint of this project is to provide seamless compatibility with Tahoe-LAFS backup storage." ? | 07:34 |
| sheena | ugh. i hate this thing. I posted about essential oils and now i hav eno way to know if anyone replied :( | 07:34 |
| pasky_ | though I think in general the better option is getting rid of anything that processes your directories and doesn't support symlinks | 07:35 |
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| kanzure | sheena: nobody replied afaik | 07:48 |
| kanzure | pasky_: so then you agree that syminks are the wrong thing to do there...? | 07:48 |
| kanzure | http://f6fvy.free.fr/rtl_sdr/Some_Measurements_on_E4000_and_R820_Tuners.pdf | 07:57 |
| kanzure | http://www.taylorkillian.com/2013/08/sdr-showdown-hackrf-vs-bladerf-vs-usrp.html | 08:00 |
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| kanzure | "50MHz – | 08:02 |
| kanzure | er | 08:02 |
| kanzure | "50 MHz - 6 GHz" | 08:02 |
| kanzure | "It should be noted that the HackRF is not capable of full duplex communication unlike the other boards. This means that in order to switch from receive to transmit and vice versa, commands must be sent from the controller every time. This is only supposed to take microseconds when the decision to switch is made by the microcontroller, but in the case of complex signals being processed on the PC, it could take a lot longer to switch." | 08:02 |
| pasky_ | kanzure: they'd be less wrong than hardlinks... i didn't read the README all that carefully, but of all the wrong options, symlinks might be some of the least wrong ones | 08:02 |
| pasky_ | i think reiserfs was solving some of these things, iirc, but in the end noone cared enough | 08:03 |
| pasky_ | (i don't even know what's the usecase, who would like to tag their files and how) | 08:03 |
| kanzure | use case is my collection of papers | 08:03 |
| kanzure | instead of storing things with file names it would be nice to have tags | 08:04 |
| kanzure | i am fine with using an additional application layer on top of a file system if necessary | 08:05 |
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| JayDugger | sheena, check the logs. | 08:34 |
| eudoxia | there are no logs after wednesday | 08:34 |
| sheena | JayDugger: i dont know how :( | 08:35 |
| kanzure | wide-band websdr http://websdr.ewi.utwente.nl:8901/ | 08:36 |
| kanzure | what was the sideways parabola i just saw | 08:52 |
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| kanzure | http://www.sexviahex.com/ "Software EXploitation Via Hardware EXploitation" or "SExViaHEx" (as we jokingly refer to it) teaches you how to reverse engineer and exploit software on embedded systems via hardware. It teaches all this against real-world Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) products such as routers, game systems, and other appliances. This course has an intense focus on results oriented vulnerability discovery (not just hardware ... | 09:48 |
| kanzure | ... hacking and tinkering for fun)." ($4k/week) | 09:48 |
| chris_99 | eek 'spensive | 09:50 |
| chris_99 | i assume you saw the weaponre post on HN? | 09:51 |
| kanzure | yep http://weaponre.com/blog.html | 09:51 |
| kanzure | not as expensive as singularity university | 09:52 |
| chris_99 | for $4 you could buy a decent microscope and learn how to decap yourself though | 09:52 |
| chris_99 | *4k | 09:52 |
| yottabit | http://www.sexviahex.com/uploads/2/4/4/8/24485815/software_hardware_exploitation_training.pdf | 09:54 |
| chris_99 | oh ta, lets have a look what it entails | 09:54 |
| chris_99 | hmm still expensive imo | 09:54 |
| fenn | augur: a few orders of magnitude higher hearing and you could triangulate radio transmissions | 09:55 |
| kanzure | .wik bus pirate | 09:58 |
| yoleaux | "The Bus Pirate is a universal electronic open hardware tool to program and interface with communication buses and program various chips, such as AVRs from Atmel and PICs from Microchip Technology." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_pirate | 09:58 |
| fenn | sheena: you could compare the "chemical resistance" ratings of your particular plastic against a chemical that's similar to your essential oil | 10:02 |
| fenn | but it's complicated because you don't know which part of the molecule is reacting with the plastic | 10:02 |
| fenn | the major reason would be that common plastics (PP and LDPE) are rather permeable to oils and will retain the smell and probably evaporate over time | 10:04 |
| fenn | metal would be better if you're just worried about breakage | 10:05 |
| kanzure | "gdb tricks you should know or be ashamed of not knowing" https://blogs.oracle.com/ksplice/entry/8_gdb_tricks_you_should | 10:09 |
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| kanzure | fun fact: yottabit is probably ybit | 10:11 |
| yottabit | yeah | 10:12 |
| yottabit | fun fact: gnusha is still down | 10:12 |
| kanzure | hmm maybe i should fix this | 10:13 |
| yottabit | andytoshi: thanks for mentioning speed-reading, that has been on the todo list, and it's time to fix that | 10:17 |
| fenn | sheena: otoh metal can catalyze oxidation and crosslinking reactions | 10:17 |
| kanzure | i think sheena is busy doing car engine rebuild | 10:18 |
| kanzure | under a meter of snow | 10:18 |
| fenn | fun fun fun | 10:18 |
| fenn | at least she doesn't have to worry if it doesn't run, since there's nowhere to drive | 10:18 |
| fenn | does she have a dog sled? | 10:19 |
| kanzure | http://images.drivebc.ca/bchighwaycam/pub/cameras/156.jpg | 10:19 |
| kragen | yottabit: http://www.slate.com/articles/briefing/articles/2000/02/the_1000word_dash.html suggests that speed-reading is mostly bunk | 10:19 |
| kanzure | yes well sort of, she has this http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-mlGojBNigIA/UunzkeGHboI/AAAAAAAAUW8/Th3aC3meLBM/s1600/999951_10151845555016526_623689869_n.jpg | 10:20 |
| kragen | that is, the methods that people have claimed to achieve it so far are not effective | 10:20 |
| kanzure | kragen: at minimum it seems to be safe to say that people do in fact read at different rates | 10:20 |
| kanzure | "At Carver's direction, the 16 brainiacs read passages from Reader's Digest condensed editions under controlled conditions: None of them could read faster than 600 words per minute and retain more than 75 percent of the information contained in the texts." text matters though... | 10:21 |
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| yottabit | usually i am scanning and getting the gist of an article | 10:21 |
| kragen | skimming can indeed be quite fast | 10:21 |
| kragen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_reading#Claims_of_speed_readers | 10:22 |
| yottabit | i feel like this is faster than speed reading, but i do feel that these speed reading aids have their place if you need to consume a large amount of text quickly | 10:22 |
| kanzure | i can read arbitrarily slow, so i would also posit that my other reading capabilities are faster. | 10:22 |
| fenn | speed-reading would be great if someone also devised a method of speed-thinking | 10:23 |
| kanzure | instantaneous thinking is not all that great. most of it gets forgotten. | 10:23 |
| fenn | 90% of everything is crap | 10:24 |
| kanzure | that's not what i mean | 10:24 |
| kanzure | unless you mean "90% of everyone's ability to remember their instantaneous-style thoughts is crap" | 10:24 |
| fenn | i mean, even if you forget 90% of it, it's okay as long as you remember the 10% that's worth remembering | 10:25 |
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| kanzure | yeah i think it's way worse than that | 10:25 |
| fenn | but realistically you'd forget 90% of the 10% that's important | 10:25 |
| kanzure | on average i would guess that i am losing a lot of resolution per moment | 10:25 |
| kanzure | way more than 90% | 10:26 |
| fenn | because of noise? | 10:26 |
| kanzure | no because working memory | 10:26 |
| fenn | what do you mean resolution? | 10:26 |
| kanzure | i have to dumb a lot of stuff down so that i can carry it forward to the next moment | 10:26 |
| kragen | yeah, people in psychotic states seem to be thinking really, really fast | 10:35 |
| kragen | in fact that's one of the distinguishing features of psychosis! | 10:35 |
| yottabit | curl $1 | unfluff | jq -r .text | speedread | 10:35 |
| yottabit | done | 10:35 |
| kragen | but they also have a really hard time holding onto a train of thought for long periods of time, such as 2 seconds | 10:35 |
| yottabit | https://github.com/pasky/speedread | 10:35 |
| kragen | like they can't remember what they were thinking and saying two seconds ago | 10:36 |
| kanzure | they are not just trains of thoughts, they are terribly structured graphs | 10:36 |
| fenn | so you're saying most people are psychotic | 10:36 |
| kragen | fenn: fennetic.net is down? or am I smoking crack? | 10:36 |
| fenn | yes it's down, i haven't figured out why yet | 10:37 |
| kanzure | dns | 10:37 |
| kragen | I saw an estimate once that the bandwidth of recording stuff in long-term memory is about half a bit per second | 10:37 |
| kanzure | that's really unfortunate | 10:37 |
| kanzure | damn | 10:37 |
| kragen | that's why writing things down is useful | 10:38 |
| fenn | plato ftw | 10:40 |
| kanzure | why are they called trains of thought | 10:40 |
| fenn | kragen is that "per second of sleep" or "per second of all day" | 10:40 |
| yottabit | 1:37 PM <kragen> yeah, people in psychotic states seem to be thinking really, really fast | 10:41 |
| yottabit | that's an interesting observation | 10:41 |
| kanzure | "The term "train of thoughts" was introduced and elaborated as early as in 1651 by Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan, though with a somewhat different meaning (similar to the meaning used by the British associationists)" | 10:41 |
| yottabit | i know a crazy person, and this is true | 10:41 |
| kanzure | "By Consequence, or train of thoughts, I understand that succession of one thought to another which is called, to distinguish it from discourse in words, mental discourse. | 10:41 |
| kanzure | When a man thinketh on anything whatsoever, his next thought after is not altogether so casual as it seems to be. Not every thought to every thought succeeds indifferently." | 10:41 |
| fenn | kanzure: because one thought leads to the next, like a train of cars | 10:41 |
| kanzure | ugh | 10:41 |
| kanzure | lost my space tether of thought | 10:41 |
| kanzure | yeah something seems broken there | 10:42 |
| yottabit | i feel that as as developer it can be beneficial to be thinking really, really fast | 10:42 |
| yottabit | i.e. it's nice if you can multitask | 10:43 |
| kanzure | if that is true then it would also be beneficial to have multiple developers at your command simultaneously | 10:43 |
| fenn | multitasking is a lie | 10:43 |
| kanzure | i think multitasking seems to work if you use other humans | 10:43 |
| yottabit | fenn: in the sense that you have bitcoin compiling in one screen | 10:43 |
| fenn | but then your task is just delegating other humans | 10:43 |
| yottabit | you need to realize, oh i should fetch pip requirements in another screen | 10:43 |
| fenn | by this definition "multitasking" is having toast in the toaster while you're cooking eggs | 10:44 |
| fenn | instead of staring slack-jawed at the toaster watching toast brown | 10:44 |
| kanzure | "Another factor contributing to the need for a minimal rehearsal as a routine precursor to action was the frequent indeterminacy or ambivalence of the circumstances in which one had to act. If the perceived circumstances seemed to call for doing X, but one couldn’t be absolutely sure, as was often the case, then it usually helped to do a minimal rehearsal for X, to attune oneself for doing X, for a while before actually doing it. By ... | 10:45 |
| kanzure | ... readying one’s X-ing abilities for action, including the perceptual abilities required for X-ing, the minimal rehearsal energised and focussed one’s perceptual interrogation of the present situation. It made one alert to features of the situation relevant to X-ing – to features conducive to X-ing and features incompatible with X-ing. The minimal rehearsal sustained one’s X-relevant perceivings and one’s readiness to X while ... | 10:45 |
| kanzure | ... the situation resolved itself one way or the other. It kept one motivated, and enabled a quick and full response when or if a situation fully conducive to X-ing did arrive." | 10:45 |
| kanzure | i seem to have fallen into the weird part of the internet again | 10:45 |
| kanzure | yes in general it seems good to minimize any unnecessary slack-jawing | 10:45 |
| yottabit | multitasking is being concurrent, not necessarily performing tasks in parallel | 10:45 |
| kanzure | which is task switching | 10:47 |
| yottabit | that reads like the most idiotic thing i've said | 10:47 |
| kanzure | shrug, fenn claims it is a lie, i claim task switching exists | 10:47 |
| pasky_ | yottabit: do you do that regularly? | 10:49 |
| kanzure | "The actional detail of our ‘minimal rehearsal’ is difficult to specify. There seemed to be a trick to it. Possibly, this involved the actual commencing of the action being rehearsed – so that overt movement was incipient – quickly followed by the aborting of it. The knack was to get the commencing and the aborting optimally close together, so as to prime the action and render it incipient, without committing to any actual ... | 10:49 |
| kanzure | ... movement. It involved a kind of ‘doing and not-doing’, a mere ‘making as if to’ do something. And the precision of the readying was important too. Part of the skill in minimal rehearsing was to ready just those muscles that would be involved in the anticipated action – and in the right combinations and orders – and no others. At any rate, the ability to rehearse an action in this special ‘minimal’ way seemed to come ... | 10:49 |
| kanzure | ... naturally to us, and children acquired it early." | 10:49 |
| pasky_ | i gave up pretty quickly, myself :) | 10:49 |
| yottabit | pasky_: depends on what i'm working on | 10:49 |
| pasky_ | yottabit: (eh, sorry; that == | speedread) | 10:50 |
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| yottabit | pasky_: oh :) it made sense when it came out, but i never used it.. i might start using it more with that function pasted above | 10:51 |
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| kragen | fenn: per second of all day | 10:57 |
| kanzure | "Telling others to do things was closely related to telling others how to do things. Essentially, telling-how was just a more thorough and time-consuming version of telling-to." | 10:58 |
| kragen | interesting use of "casual" in "his next thought after is not altogether so casual" — that meaning "coincidental" is not current in modern English, but it is in Spanish | 10:58 |
| augur | fenn: thats not how radio works | 10:58 |
| pasky | it is not current? i'm not a native speaker but it didn't strike me as odd | 10:59 |
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| kanzure | (previous quotes from <http://www.derekmelser.org/essays/essaycognition.html>) | 11:04 |
| yottabit | watched interstellar last night with a former cia agent who was active in the cold war era :) | 11:09 |
| delinquentme | quantum compute: what are the machanimss by which it solves the protein folding problem? | 11:09 |
| delinquentme | yottabit, I watched big hero 6 :P | 11:09 |
| delinquentme | non stop tears dude. | 11:09 |
| delinquentme | projecting all over the fucking place | 11:09 |
| yottabit | it was refreshing to see a movie which tried to seem feasible while focusing on space exploration beyond our galaxy | 11:12 |
| yottabit | there were many things which didn't make sense, but i'm glad something like that was made | 11:12 |
| kanzure | so they have cars that don't have dust in them | 11:12 |
| kanzure | but they can't figure out how to get dust out of their homes | 11:13 |
| kanzure | nah it's cool just turn all the plates upside down | 11:13 |
| yottabit | :) | 11:13 |
| kanzure | get our giant walking ipods to do it | 11:13 |
| fenn | ok, i defeated godaddy and succeeded despite their terrible interface and not remembering my username from 2007 | 11:17 |
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| kanzure | is that what progress feels like? | 11:18 |
| kanzure | yottabit: why didn't they take the whole family | 11:19 |
| kanzure | seems like nasa was not in a position to argue | 11:19 |
| yottabit | or if they had money to send several people to different planets, maybe they should have sent couples | 11:20 |
| yottabit | and if they can't communicate from the new galaxy back home, how did his daughter know the other lady was still alive | 11:20 |
| kanzure | osnap | 11:20 |
| kanzure | nah it was something like 1-bit bandwidth | 11:20 |
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| yottabit | they were receiving signals from back home, but they weren't able to send anything back to them | 11:22 |
| kanzure | they could send a single bit apparently | 11:22 |
| kanzure | so they could have used delays between their bits | 11:23 |
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| yottabit | http://www.infoq.com/news/2014/08/the-future-of-docker | 11:37 |
| yottabit | looks like coinbase is using http://flynn.io | 11:37 |
| yottabit | https://github.com/flynn/flynn | 11:37 |
| kanzure | i still prefer fig | 11:38 |
| yottabit | https://github.com/progrium/registrator | 11:38 |
| kanzure | especially since docker acquired orchard | 11:38 |
| kanzure | and especially since docker people are merging fig into docker | 11:38 |
| kanzure | i haven't figured out why registrator is necessary if you're already using consul | 11:38 |
| yottabit | i really like the idea of coreos, i don't like that fleet is so coupled with etcd | 11:39 |
| fenn | heh before: http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/refereed/p583/p583-gupta_files/image022.jpg and after: http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/refereed/p583/p583-gupta_files/image024.jpg | 11:49 |
| fenn | "content extraction algorithms" | 11:50 |
| yottabit | https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=775182 | 11:52 |
| yottabit | .title | 11:52 |
| yoleaux | DOM-based content extraction of HTML documents | 11:52 |
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| fenn | yottabit: it's what your "unfluff" is based on | 11:54 |
| yottabit | nice | 11:54 |
| fenn | unfluff doesn't seem to be anywhere near as aggressive tho | 11:54 |
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| kanzure | is there a name for the idea of "thinking originated in evolutionary history from vocalization, speaking, speech into mumbling, and then into silent speaking"? | 12:00 |
| fenn | is this an idea that people hold to be true? | 12:04 |
| fenn | danny hillis has some theories about mating calls and songs turning into language... | 12:05 |
| kanzure | this person seems to http://www.derekmelser.org/essays/essaycognition.html | 12:05 |
| kanzure | well, i am trying to skip the language part | 12:05 |
| kanzure | monkey screams happen in the absence of a (at least human-discernable) language | 12:05 |
| * fenn looks at http://longnow.org/essays/intelligence-emergent-behavior-or-songs-eden/ | 12:06 | |
| fenn | you seem to be quibbling over the definition of language | 12:06 |
| kanzure | i didn't think this would have anything at all to do with language and i'm confused why anyone is bringing it up (even nsh) | 12:07 |
| fenn | "It is taken as given that a genuine language is an abstract structure -- of representations, meanings, logical operators and combinatorial laws" wow that's a huge assumption | 12:07 |
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| kanzure | i emplore you to not get lost in the language bullshit | 12:08 |
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| kanzure | i believe it is fair to assume that at one point whatever ancestors we had, if you go back far enough, did not have a thing approximating language | 12:11 |
| fenn | i scrolled back a few pages and still don't know what you're actually after | 12:12 |
| kanzure | oh, a handful of competing observations: | 12:13 |
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| kanzure | 1) rehersal is an interesting concept that was lacking from that mental inertia article (probably something about "a lack of rehersal"), but this observation is just coincidental i think | 12:14 |
| kanzure | or rather, er, i don't mean to say rehersal specifically. the related notions from the page. | 12:14 |
| fenn | "almost-rehearsal" | 12:14 |
| kanzure | "mental action task caching and front-loading stuff, and loading approximations" | 12:15 |
| kanzure | 2) i suspect there should be or is a gap in behavior from howling monkey clans and pre-language human tinkerers | 12:15 |
| kanzure | which is relevant to ai things | 12:15 |
| fenn | why 2 | 12:16 |
| kanzure | 3) something about multitasking or concurrent tasking and task switching made me think about the rehersal thing | 12:16 |
| kanzure | well, 2 is interesting because presumably pre-language brain biology may have been simpler, i don't know | 12:17 |
| yottabit | coreos is a minimal linux OS | 12:17 |
| yottabit | did they build it from scratch or is it based on some other distros?... | 12:17 |
| * yottabit asks in #coreos | 12:18 | |
| kanzure | what's with the frequent focus of agi projects on human-level intelligence? why not dog-level... | 12:18 |
| fenn | i state that there is no difference between howling monkey clans and pre-language humans | 12:18 |
| fenn | if there even is such a thing as "pre-language" | 12:18 |
| fenn | monkeys obviously have different calls for different threats/contexts | 12:18 |
| fenn | and they use tools | 12:19 |
| fenn | but even birds do that | 12:19 |
| kanzure | i'll allow for simple grunts and sounds to be called language if you insist | 12:19 |
| fenn | you can communicate important information with grunts | 12:19 |
| kanzure | you can communicate anything with single bits | 12:19 |
| fenn | a grunt is not a bit, but whatever | 12:20 |
| kanzure | transport channel is really not interesting to me at the moment | 12:20 |
| kanzure | or communication for that matter | 12:20 |
| fenn | .wik pulse position modulation | 12:20 |
| yoleaux | "Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a form of signal modulation in which M message bits are encoded by transmitting a single pulse in one of possible time-shifts. This is repeated every T seconds, such that the transmitted bit rate is bits per second." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_position_modulation | 12:20 |
| fenn | stupid math notation | 12:21 |
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| fenn | one of 2^M possible time-shifts; bit-rate is M/T | 12:21 |
| fenn | because humans evolved as social animals, communication is tightly integrated into our thought process | 12:23 |
| fenn | minsky would say some bullshit like "humans are intelligent because the separate agents in their society of mind can communicate" | 12:25 |
| kanzure | yawn | 12:26 |
| kanzure | i don't know why that page started off with that assumption, because it seems unrelated to any of the other content | 12:29 |
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| fenn | i don't understand this at all "The paper is in the form of a first-hand eye-witness account (by a survivor of the Lower Palaeolithic)" | 12:39 |
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| kanzure | well it's certainly weird | 12:40 |
| chris_99 | How hard do you guys think it will be to create a woolly mammoth from this latest one they've found, out of interest | 12:40 |
| kanzure | isn't this the one that requires using an elephant as a surrogate? | 12:41 |
| kanzure | so, at minimum whatever resources are required to care for an elephant | 12:41 |
| fenn | they can probably make a retarded broken mammoth that will die after a few months | 12:41 |
| chris_99 | i think that was the plan to use an elephant in someway | 12:41 |
| chris_99 | awh don't say that fenn, it'd be cool to have a herd of them marching through siberia | 12:42 |
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| fenn | it's hard to find an elephant surrogate that's ovulating and you have permission to do science experiments on | 12:44 |
| chris_99 | i'm a bit confused what they do, so they've got the blood of the mammoth then what? | 12:44 |
| kanzure | probably something like somatic cell nuclear transfer | 12:45 |
| kanzure | but that does not guarantee anything | 12:45 |
| kanzure | incubation might require other hormones and signals | 12:45 |
| fenn | they extract a nucleus and implant it in a denucleated elephant egg cell, then poke it with electricity or something | 12:45 |
| chris_99 | just looking on the wiki page for that sounds interesting | 12:46 |
| fenn | blood doesn't have much dna so they will probably use bone marrow or muscle tissue | 12:46 |
| kanzure | you can read about it in my new book, "1001 odd transhumanist tricks" | 12:46 |
| chris_99 | haha | 12:46 |
| chris_99 | so this principle only works with animals that are vaguely related | 12:47 |
| kanzure | hardly works at all | 12:47 |
| chris_99 | oh heh | 12:47 |
| kanzure | to make an artificial womb that works you really really need to study existing wombs and pregnancies | 12:47 |
| fenn | yeah it's hard to do even with the same species | 12:48 |
| kanzure | and to convert an existing womb into something compatible with another dead species... ehhh | 12:48 |
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| fenn | the placenta is the least studied organ | 12:48 |
| chris_99 | is this the only method thats used to do this type of cloning? | 12:48 |
| kanzure | "cloning" is easy man | 12:48 |
| kanzure | well, you really need to get the dna into cells | 12:50 |
| kanzure | nuclear transfer or nuclear injection seems sorta important for doing that | 12:50 |
| chris_99 | mmm true | 12:50 |
| fenn | sheesh half the results for "placenta research" are about the health benefits of eating placenta | 12:50 |
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| chris_99 | eeek | 12:50 |
| superkuh | I did some placenta tissue culture during my undergrad. | 12:50 |
| kanzure | you might have more benefit taking an elephant genome and inserting mammoth-related junk instead | 12:50 |
| kanzure | because you already know the elephant pregnancy thing works | 12:51 |
| chris_99 | "Dolly the sheep was born after 277 eggs were used for SCNT, which created 29 viable embryos" | 12:51 |
| chris_99 | ah yeah | 12:51 |
| superkuh | Placental syncytium has a fascinating cytoskeleton. | 12:51 |
| Lemminkainen | pix or gtfo superkuh I wanna see this cytoskeleton | 12:52 |
| fenn | yeah it seems easier to sequence the mammoth genome and figure out what makes it different from an elephant | 12:52 |
| fenn | it's probably the worst possible organism to try to do genetic engineering on | 12:53 |
| chris_99 | why's that? | 12:53 |
| fenn | extremely expensive, long gestation time, long life cycle, ethics issues, animal rights issues, and it's a eukaryote... | 12:54 |
| fenn | they should try to resurrect the extinct siberian tulip instead :P | 12:54 |
| Lemminkainen | fenn orcas, blue whales, panda bears | 12:55 |
| chris_99 | haha, who wants a siberian tulip | 12:55 |
| fenn | they should just try to breed a bigger lemur instead of all this panda junk | 12:55 |
| Lemminkainen | welcome to the post-postmodern zoo | 12:56 |
| fenn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeoindris_fontoynonti.jpg needs optimizing for cuteness | 12:56 |
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| fenn | better than this guy tho https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Megaladapis.jpg | 12:57 |
| fenn | Lemminkainen: nobody's trying to resurrect extinct orcas, pandas, or blue whales (yet) | 12:59 |
| kanzure | i wonder if you could put a researcher into a whale placenta during gestation | 13:00 |
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| chris_99 | haha | 13:00 |
| kanzure | not enough room for food storage | 13:01 |
| Lemminkainen | fenn I was just naming worse organisms to try to do genetic engineering on | 13:01 |
| fenn | a tasmanian tiger or a dodo would be a lot easier to start with | 13:02 |
| fenn | passenger pigeon etc | 13:03 |
| Lemminkainen | from the more general perspective, I don't understand the value of resurrecting a dead species without first stopping making more of them | 13:03 |
| fenn | it's a PR stunt for biotechnology companies | 13:04 |
| kanzure | you could probably do it for dna recovered from human skeletal remains | 13:04 |
| fenn | that would be too easy to fake | 13:05 |
| fenn | also laws against human cloning | 13:05 |
| kanzure | "experience the unlimited joy of raising <some dead historical figure everyone hates" | 13:05 |
| kanzure | + | 13:05 |
| kanzure | +> | 13:05 |
| kanzure | i guess there was a reason > didn't take the first time | 13:06 |
| kanzure | as evidenced by the second time | 13:06 |
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| Lemminkainen | but that's PR of such limited value | 13:12 |
| Lemminkainen | wouldn't it be better to, I don't know, reverse someone Alzheimer's? | 13:12 |
| Lemminkainen | have we really decided that cloning mammoths is a more tractable problem than curing neurodegenerative disorders? | 13:13 |
| fenn | it's easier to be optimistic about something nobody understands | 13:13 |
| fenn | (nobody understands why cloning works) | 13:13 |
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| fenn | also people have been relatively succesful bumping around in the dark trying to clone stuff | 13:14 |
| fenn | whereas alzheimers has lots of effort for not much success | 13:14 |
| fenn | also there are a lot of cloning companies in korea that don't really know why they exist | 13:16 |
| fenn | "clone your pet dog for $100,000" | 13:16 |
| fenn | "It really helps that every time [Korean scientists] give a talk, they don't have to have an argument about whether an embryo is a person." | 13:21 |
| Lemminkainen | the people who did the US attempt at commercial dog cloning live up in Mill Valley | 13:21 |
| fenn | apparently Hwang Woo-suk is some kind of cloning rock-star "The national law-enforcement agency assigns officers to protect him. Korean Airlines flies him around the world for free. The minister of science and technology ranks at the top of the South Korean Cabinet—as high as the secretary of state or treasury in the United States." | 13:27 |
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| fenn | er, that last bit was because "Science is trendy in Korea" | 13:27 |
| Lemminkainen | ah | 13:28 |
| Lemminkainen | let's get Shinya Yamanaka similar accolades | 13:28 |
| Lemminkainen | I want to put his tesselated face on a hoodie | 13:28 |
| fenn | "Yamanaka received ... the Millennium Technology Prize in 2012 together with Linus Torvalds." uh, okay | 13:30 |
| kanzure | yamanaka should be a name you already know | 13:36 |
| kanzure | although receiving an award next to linus torvalds is amusing :) | 13:36 |
| fenn | i'm bad with japanese names actually | 13:37 |
| kanzure | satoshi hashimoto was a total phony | 13:37 |
| fenn | yeah fuck that guy | 13:37 |
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| fenn | he's nowhere as cool as norio wakamoto | 13:40 |
| kanzure | or tajiri nihei | 13:40 |
| kanzure | google translate says "wéidài" and not "wei dai" | 13:45 |
| fenn | .title https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UucITQR0SrQ | 13:46 |
| yoleaux | Azumanga Funny Scene - YouTube | 13:46 |
| fenn | norio wakamoto is the fake cat thing | 13:46 |
| kanzure | yamanaka dominates this folder basically http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/stem-cells/ | 13:47 |
| kanzure | eg http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/stem-cells/Induction%20of%20pluripotent%20stem%20cells%20from%20adult%20human%20fibroblasts%20by%20defined%20factors.pdf | 13:48 |
| kanzure | "kazutoshi" hah | 13:48 |
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| fenn | oh he was Cell in DBZ | 13:57 |
| kanzure | who? | 13:58 |
| fenn | norio wakamoto | 13:59 |
| kanzure | "Your search - filetype:pdf - did not match any articles published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience." | 13:59 |
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| kanzure | "Journal of Really Fancy Neuron Drawings" | 14:01 |
| kanzure | .title http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2014.00145/full | 14:01 |
| yoleaux | Frontiers | Patch-clamp recordings of rat neurons from acute brain slices of the somatosensory cortex during magnetic stimulation | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | 14:01 |
| kanzure | "Surprisingly, while TMS has been commercially available for decades, the actions of single pulse magnetic stimulation at the cellular level have not been directly studied. Some studies have suggested that that TMS activates cortical neurons antidromically, primarily at axonal bends, bifurcations, or terminations (Amassian et al., 1992; Maccabee et al., 1993, 1998; Kamitani, 2001; Hallett, 2007). Other investigations have claimed, mostly ... | 14:04 |
| kanzure | ... by recording spinal volleys, that the action potential is generated more proximal to the soma (Edgley et al., 1990; Baker et al., 1995; Nielsen et al., 1995; Di Lazzaro et al., 2002; Terao and Ugawa, 2002; Pasley et al., 2009). Distal axonal activation evokes indistinguishable forward and backward information flow in the cortical network, suggesting that TMS provides a nonspecific reset signal (Walsh and Pascual-Leone, 2003)." | 14:04 |
| kanzure | "In contrast, action potential initiation at the axon's initial segment elicits the normal, forward information flow in the cortical network. We recently investigated the effects of magnetic stimulation on single neurons using compartmental modeling (Pashut et al., 2011). Contrary to published models (Roth and Basser, 1990; Basser and Roth, 1991; Basser et al., 1992; Nagarajan et al., 1993; Abdeen and Stuchly, 1994; Roth, 1994; Ravazzani ... | 14:05 |
| kanzure | ... et al., 1996; Ruohonen et al., 1996a; Davey and Epstein, 2000; Hsu and Durand, 2000; Kamitani, 2001; Hsu et al., 2003; Rotem and Moses, 2006; Silva et al., 2008; Salvador et al., 2011) our simulations predicted that TMS affects neurons in the central nervous system by somatic depolarization leading to initiation of actions potentials in the axon's initial segment (Pashut et al., 2011)." | 14:05 |
| kanzure | "Driven by our theoretical predictions, we combined, for the first time, a patch-clamp setup designed for brain slice recordings with a custom-made magnetic coil. Using this novel setup magnetic stimulation was applied to acute brain slices and the response of cortical neurons recorded. Our recordings supported our theoretical prediction that the action potential was generated at the initial segment of the axon following somatic ... | 14:05 |
| kanzure | ... depolarization during magnetic stimulation. Interneurons and pyramidal neurons responded differently to magnetic stimulation. We show, both experimentally and computationally, that the magnetic threshold of central nervous system neurons is correlated with the size of the soma, the current threshold of the neuron, and the orientation of the magnetic coil. In combination with our previous compartmental model, the current study ... | 14:05 |
| kanzure | ... suggests a cellular mechanism for TMS." | 14:05 |
| kanzure | welp.. okay then. | 14:06 |
| kanzure | oh, correlated | 14:10 |
| kanzure | "According to our computational prediction, magnetic stimulation induces the largest depolarization in the soma followed by action potential initiation at the axon's initial segment (Pashut et al., 2011). Proving this prediction requires simultaneous recording from the axon's initial segment and the soma. This experiment cannot be performed due to the limitation of our recording setup." | 14:10 |
| kanzure | really? i thought everyone had multi-patch-clamp setups these days. | 14:10 |
| kanzure | .wik patch clamp | 14:18 |
| yoleaux | "The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. The technique can be applied to a wide variety of cells, but is especially useful in the study of excitable cells such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, muscle fibers and pancreatic beta cells." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_clamp | 14:18 |
| kanzure | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/WholeCellPatchClamp-03.jpg | 14:19 |
| kanzure | how is that a neuron? | 14:19 |
| kanzure | ooh, "automated patch clamp" | 14:20 |
| kanzure | "Schematic of a patch clamp system using a droplet suspension culture and gravity to position the cells above the pipette. Suction inside the pipette draws the cells to the tip of the pipette which then forms the gigaseal." (from <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_patch_clamp>) | 14:21 |
| kanzure | huh they have used patch-clamp on spermatozoa to figure out sperm ion channels http://www.researchgate.net/publication/51192906_Rediscovering_sperm_ion_channels_with_the_patch-clamp_technique/file/e0b4952533505a6350.pdf | 14:24 |
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| kanzure | "Vertical nanowire electrode arrays as a scalable platform for intracellular interfacing to neuronal circuits" http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~parklab/publications/nnano.2011.249.pdf | 14:35 |
| kanzure | "we report a scalable intracellular electrode platform based on vertical nanowires that allows parallel electrical interfacing to multiple mammalian neurons. Specifically, we show that our vertical nanowire electrode arrays can intracellularly record and stimulate neuronal activity in dissociated cultures of rat cortical neurons and can also be used to map multiple individual synaptic connections." | 14:35 |
| fenn | why do they use cultures instead of brain slices? | 14:42 |
| kanzure | "Electromagnetic limits to radiofrequency (RF) neuronal telemetry" https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/75a51973-8317-40dc-a50a-d97bdd4244a4/PubMedCentral/75a51973-8317-40dc-a50a-d97bdd4244a4.pdf | 14:42 |
| kanzure | i don't know why they are assuming a receiver 1 meter away from the head. that's silly. | 14:42 |
| kanzure | i don't know if you can keep brain slices alive long enough | 14:42 |
| kanzure | .tw https://twitter.com/zooko/status/538392148127657984 | 14:50 |
| yoleaux | @petertoddbtc Challenge: key generation alg with entirely analog, homebuilt components: marbles, blocks, paper, rubber bands, etc. (@zooko, in reply to tw:538391798763118592) | 14:50 |
| kanzure | .tw 538391798763118592 | 14:50 |
| yoleaux | The term "paper wallet" is incredibly misleading: your key was still generated digitally, and may very well have been compromised at birth. (@petertoddbtc) | 14:50 |
| fenn | "Barbie's got the right idea: in cyberwarfare the only thing you can really trust with a secret is hardware you've audited yourself, like pen and paper." | 14:55 |
| fenn | but what if they've got a conduction microphone attached to the floor that the table you're writing on is sitting on | 14:56 |
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| chris_99 | or CCTV | 14:58 |
| fenn | i wonder how much paper generating a keypair would require | 14:58 |
| fenn | assuming you could do it without messing up | 14:58 |
| kanzure | "Free-standing mechanical and photonic nanostructures in single-crystal diamond" http://nano-optics.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Mike_freestanding.pdf | 14:59 |
| kanzure | "anisotropic plasma etching at an oblique angle" | 14:59 |
| kanzure | oh i can't tell if this is just electron beam lithography | 15:00 |
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| fenn | it's plasma etching with mask, not electron beam | 15:02 |
| kanzure | doh | 15:02 |
| kanzure | heh here is a thing someone bothered to do: "Cell responses to metallic nanostructure arrays with complex geometries" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014296121400831X | 15:05 |
| kanzure | "anopillar arrays of various shape, size, and spacing and different nanopillar-substrate interfacial strengths were fabricated and interfaced with fibroblasts and several unique cell-nanopillar interactions were observed using high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Nanopillar penetration, engulfment, tilting, lift off and membrane thinning, were observed by manipulating nanopillar material, size, shape and spacing." | 15:05 |
| kanzure | *nanopillar | 15:05 |
| nsh | paperbot?! | 15:05 |
| nsh | .title http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-21969-6_11 | 15:05 |
| yoleaux | Memory-Constrained Implementations of Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Co-Z Coordinate Representation - Springer | 15:05 |
| kanzure | no access, try libgen | 15:06 |
| kanzure | "Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in freely moving animals" huh, that is neat | 15:08 |
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| fenn | yeah the nanostructure cell scaffolding and stiffness matching looks promising for brain tissue culture and long-term implant viability | 15:11 |
| kanzure | .title https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJpFvQ0YZLk | 15:13 |
| yoleaux | Ultra high Resolution 3D Human Brain Model (BigBrain) in Atelier3D Viewer - YouTube | 15:13 |
| kanzure | ftp://bigbrain.loris.ca/faq.txt | 15:15 |
| kanzure | "The bigbrain is the brain of a 65yo woman with no neurological or psychiatric diseases in clinical records at time of death. The brain was embedded in parafin and sectionned in 7404 coronal histological sections (20 microns), stained for cell bodies. The bigbrain is the digitized reconstruction of the hi-res histological sections (20 microns isotropic)." | 15:16 |
| kanzure | finally some real science | 15:16 |
| kanzure | related tissue slice viewer (but doesn't have that same dataset?) http://www.tissuestack.org/ | 15:17 |
| kanzure | "The bigbrain videos were created using Atelier3D, a licensed software which is currently not distributed. The volume read in Atelier3D is at 20-micron isotropic, which is too big for file transfers. This is why reduced volumes at 100, 200, 300, 400 microns have been created." | 15:18 |
| kanzure | aaaaa so much is wrong with that | 15:18 |
| fenn | what are the artifacts in the last few seconds? | 15:18 |
| kanzure | here is the data ftp://bigbrain.loris.ca/volumes/ | 15:19 |
| fenn | looks like bubbles almost | 15:19 |
| kanzure | damage during parafin fixation? | 15:20 |
| kanzure | or damage during cutting | 15:20 |
| fenn | maybe they injected dye with a syringe 50 times? | 15:21 |
| kanzure | there is a diagrma of their slicer here http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/BigBrain:%20An%20Ultrahigh-Resolution%203D%20Human%20Brain%20Model.pdf | 15:21 |
| kanzure | *diagram | 15:22 |
| fenn | "too big for file transfers" is bunk | 15:22 |
| kanzure | of course it's bunk | 15:22 |
| kanzure | "and we are also using super-proprietary software to show off IN THREE DIMENSIONS an animation of stepping through the slices of data" | 15:22 |
| kanzure | i should go taunt some neuroscientists and dare them to attempt to correctly label everything | 15:23 |
| kanzure | pssst archels | 15:23 |
| fenn | the three dimension part is harder than it sounds, because it means the slices have to be distortion-corrected and aligned to 20 micron ish | 15:23 |
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| fenn | displaying it is relatively straightforward | 15:24 |
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| fenn | 100um is 3GB so 20um would be 375GB | 15:27 |
| fenn | but MS-DOS doesn't like it!!! | 15:28 |
| kanzure | check out page 3 figure 1a http://www.unicog.org/publications/1-s2.0-S105381191400487X-main.pdf | 15:29 |
| fenn | do i have to | 15:29 |
| kanzure | essentially, different neuroanatomy atlases are inconsistent with each other | 15:29 |
| kanzure | "surprise! when you have bad data sets and bad labeling you will end up with disagreeing results" | 15:30 |
| fenn | wow | 15:30 |
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| kanzure | "bah, just use machine learning to fix poorly labeled atlases!" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811914009483 | 15:33 |
| kanzure | "We use the proposed method to combine four brain MRI datasets labeled with different protocols (with a total of 102 unique labeled structures) to produce segmentations of 148 brain regions. Using cross-validation, we show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the generalizations of majority voting, semi-locally weighted voting and STAPLE (mean Dice score 83%, vs. 77%, 80% and 79%, respectively)" | 15:33 |
| kanzure | seems a little silly | 15:33 |
| kanzure | would probably be better to let the machine classify regions on its own | 15:33 |
| kanzure | rather than based on previous human classifications | 15:33 |
| fenn | but then all the accumulated bad results would go away | 15:34 |
| fenn | so if i'm reading this right, each slice is a 200MB image? srsly? | 15:36 |
| kanzure | what's wrong with 200 megabyte slices? | 15:37 |
| fenn | they'd do much better to just use jpg compression at the original resolution, rather than intentionally losing resolution | 15:37 |
| fenn | so i can only speculate as to their motives | 15:37 |
| kanzure | is it possible that they are bad at computers | 15:37 |
| fenn | intentionally created plausible deniability | 15:38 |
| fenn | "we can't give out our data because we're too stupid, i swear" | 15:38 |
| kanzure | "what the fuck's a terrorbyte?" | 15:38 |
| fenn | oops i meant 50MB not 200MB | 15:48 |
| fenn | that's more reasonably | 15:48 |
| fenn | i mean i was looking at the resolution/number of slices for 100um voxels | 15:48 |
| fenn | about a terapixel | 15:49 |
| fenn | teravoxel | 15:49 |
| kanzure | hmm i should send an email to ed boyden about my neuroanatomy complaints | 15:50 |
| fenn | so has anyone done CLARITY on human brains yet? | 15:51 |
| fenn | i know they've done slices | 15:52 |
| kanzure | russell hanson gave me lip for even mentioning that to him | 15:53 |
| kanzure | "rawr you're a moron don't you know that's destructive fuck you" | 15:53 |
| fenn | huh? they're just going in the garbage anyway | 15:53 |
| fenn | i'm having trouble determining the intended meaning behind that statement | 15:54 |
| kanzure | oh i wonder if the "make a 2d map of a 3d structure" stuff would make sense for brain mapping/region labelling/stuff. | 15:54 |
| kanzure | the intended meaning was that someone yelled at me, that's al | 15:55 |
| kanzure | *all | 15:55 |
| kanzure | presumably he was upset and yelling because he wants to focus on non-destructive methods http://brainbackups.com/ | 15:55 |
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| fenn | there is literally zero technical information on that page | 15:57 |
| fenn | "we are actively developing new methods, yay!" | 15:58 |
| kanzure | maybe their video has more info | 15:58 |
| kanzure | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOfq376Uxok&t=1m | 15:58 |
| kanzure | er... nope. | 16:00 |
| kanzure | "functionalized dna aptamer nanoparticles, smart contrast agents for mri and x-ray imaging, dna barcoding sequencing to map neuronal connections" | 16:00 |
| fenn | i'm highly skeptical that X-ray imaging can produce a connectome and not destroy the brain in the process | 16:00 |
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| kanzure | he said x-ray plus contrast agents | 16:01 |
| fenn | oh in that case the singularity must be here | 16:01 |
| fenn | think about it, contrast agents means you have to shoot more x-rays | 16:01 |
| fenn | more x-rays means more damage | 16:01 |
| kanzure | i have never really heard anyone say "dna aptamer nanoparticles".. | 16:01 |
| kanzure | i guess they are technically smaller than most antibodies | 16:02 |
| fenn | presumably they are attaching nanoparticles to aptamers for use as contrast agents | 16:02 |
| kanzure | i would expect them to be using aptamers to bind to particular targets in the brain itself | 16:02 |
| kanzure | maybe also carrying some payload, sure | 16:02 |
| fenn | anyway how the hell are you supposed to focus on nano-anything from several inches away | 16:02 |
| kanzure | with science and love | 16:03 |
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| fenn | yes the aptamers bind to targets in the brain, and they carry covalently-linked heavy metal nanoparticles so something shows up on the x-ray | 16:03 |
| fenn | but, but, but... where's a buttbot when you need one | 16:04 |
| kanzure | i was really expecting positron emission tomography stuff | 16:04 |
| kanzure | maybe it takes too long to incorporate into an aptamer | 16:04 |
| fenn | the resolution isn't good enough | 16:04 |
| fenn | you have to detect ONE photon | 16:05 |
| fenn | detectors with a gain that high are large, which limits the pixel count, which limits the resolution | 16:05 |
| fenn | or you could have a gigantic megastructure that's perfectly shielded from stray radiation | 16:05 |
| fenn | actually you have to detect two photons, but it has to be the right two photons | 16:06 |
| kanzure | hmph | 16:06 |
| kanzure | you don't need every photon do you? | 16:07 |
| kanzure | like even at a low sampling rate.. | 16:07 |
| kanzure | "Cortical glucose metabolic rate correlates of abstract reasoning and attention studied with positron emission tomography" | 16:07 |
| fenn | you need to be able to find the two photons that came from the same decay event in order to measure where that event was | 16:07 |
| kanzure | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/PET_Normal_brain.jpg | 16:07 |
| fenn | i assume we're talking about synapse scale resolution here | 16:08 |
| fenn | if you want to make pretty colored pictures, that's totally doable | 16:08 |
| kanzure | http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/8747/how-to-build-an-electro-mechanical-public-key-cipher-machine | 16:09 |
| kanzure | cc kragen | 16:09 |
| fenn | whole-brain CT with contast agents would definitely help in aligning slices | 16:09 |
| kanzure | i don't know if slice alignment is a serious problem at the moment | 16:10 |
| kanzure | todd never complained about slice alignment to me | 16:10 |
| fenn | it's a problem | 16:10 |
| fenn | also todd is working on ~5mm cubes | 16:10 |
| kanzure | seems like less of a problem than sub-synapse resolution | 16:10 |
| fenn | but you gotta align the whole brain at sub-synapse resolution | 16:11 |
| kanzure | btw what's the back story about CT not explicitly saying x-ray in its name | 16:11 |
| fenn | well people hate hospitals and they love CATs so they called it a CAT scan | 16:11 |
| fenn | and PET scans for dog people | 16:12 |
| kanzure | shit now i'm going to remember this | 16:12 |
| fenn | what's the back-story about MRI not having "nuclear" in its name | 16:13 |
| kanzure | dunno, because it's often pronounced "nuclear magnetic resonance imaging" for some reason | 16:13 |
| kanzure | although not as often as without nuclear | 16:13 |
| fenn | MRI is just NMR with a magnetic field gradient and fancy microwave imaging sensors | 16:14 |
| fenn | they dropped the "nuclear" so patients wouldn't be scared of it | 16:14 |
| fenn | it's bad enough going into a tube with angry machine noise and having to stay perfectly still | 16:15 |
| fenn | no need to add cold-war apocalyptic hysteria and irrational fears about contamination and cancer | 16:15 |
| kanzure | "yep into the cancer machine you go" | 16:16 |
| kanzure | "One study estimated that as many as 0.4% of current cancers in the United States are due to CTs performed in the past and that this may increase to as high as 1.5 to 2% with 2007 rates of CT usage" | 16:16 |
| kanzure | s/cancer machine/Cancer Tube | 16:16 |
| fenn | heh | 16:17 |
| fenn | a CT is relatively open compared to a MRI | 16:17 |
| kanzure | i wonder if a high-resolution whole-body image is worth cancer | 16:17 |
| kanzure | lots of cancers can be killed, so it's prolly worth it | 16:17 |
| fenn | they really ought to just give people antioxidant injections before the CT | 16:18 |
| fenn | pimp my CT scanner: http://brucejonesdesign.com/tag/ct-scanner/ | 16:19 |
| kanzure | hey that's a job | 16:19 |
| kanzure | an entire career, even | 16:20 |
| fenn | you could do a goatse theme | 16:20 |
| kanzure | giant menacing monster of some kind | 16:21 |
| fenn | would be much more fun with a transparent cover, you'd get to watch it whirl around at high speed http://i.imgur.com/TovNxVH.jpg | 16:23 |
| fenn | .title https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CWpZKuy-NE | 16:23 |
| yoleaux | CT at max speed - YouTube | 16:23 |
| fenn | into the stargate you go | 16:25 |
| kanzure | "expected a star gate to open" | 16:26 |
| kanzure | why are you reading youtube comments? | 16:26 |
| fenn | i wasnt | 16:26 |
| kanzure | what's the spinning for? | 16:28 |
| kanzure | "Spinning tube, commonly called spiral CT, or helical CT is an imaging technique in which an entire X-ray tube is spun around the central axis of the area being scanned. These are the dominant type of scanners on the market because they have been manufactured longer and offer lower cost of production and purchase. The main limitation of this type is the bulk and inertia of the equipment (X-ray tube assembly and detector array on the ... | 16:29 |
| kanzure | ... opposite side of the circle) which limits the speed at which the equipment can spin. Some designs use two X-ray sources and detector arrays offset by an angle, as a technique to improve temporal resolution." | 16:29 |
| kanzure | "Electron beam tomography (EBT) is a specific form of CT in which a large enough X-ray tube is constructed so that only the path of the electrons, travelling between the cathode and anode of the X-ray tube, are spun using deflection coils. This type had a major advantage since sweep speeds can be much faster, allowing for less blurry imaging of moving structures, such as the heart and arteries. Fewer scanners of this design have been ... | 16:29 |
| kanzure | ... produced when compared with spinning tube types, mainly due to the higher cost associated with building a much larger X-ray tube and detector array and limited anatomical coverage. Only one manufacturer (Imatron, later acquired by General electric) ever produced scanners of this design. Production ceased in early 2006.[86]" | 16:29 |
| kanzure | er, they can't spin fast enough to catch up with their x-rays | 16:30 |
| kanzure | oh right | 16:31 |
| kanzure | put a human in between the emitter and the detector | 16:31 |
| kanzure | move emitter/detector instead of move human | 16:32 |
| fenn | an EBT would be like a gigantic CRT with a thick plastic screen | 16:32 |
| kanzure | electron beam tomography machine http://archives.starbulletin.com/2001/09/06/news/arti.jpg | 16:32 |
| kanzure | from http://archives.starbulletin.com/2001/09/06/news/story10.html | 16:32 |
| fenn | huh it looks just like a helical scanner | 16:33 |
| kanzure | "and a full-body scan [takes] about 20 minutes" | 16:33 |
| fenn | where's the tube | 16:34 |
| kanzure | "full-body scan for $1,095 and a heart scan for $495. For nonresidents the cost is $1,215 for a full scan and $550 for the heart." | 16:34 |
| kanzure | 24 scans/day (well, maybe 20 if you count breaks in between each scan) | 16:37 |
| kanzure | so $20k/day.. not bad.. | 16:37 |
| kanzure | would need maybe two people on staff, one in a reception room and one setting victims up and giving them usb sticks with data | 16:40 |
| kanzure | $9k http://www.ebay.com/itm/GENERAL-ELECTRIC-HI-SPEED-NX-I-PRO-CT-scanner-2247006-/121256495320?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c3b7348d8 | 16:43 |
| fenn | CT scans only take 10 seconds | 16:43 |
| fenn | also they're orders of magnitude less expensive for the machine | 16:44 |
| kanzure | "less expensive for the machine"? | 16:44 |
| fenn | than EBT | 16:44 |
| kanzure | 10 seconds for whole-body? | 16:44 |
| fenn | "sold as is" "for parts not-working" | 16:45 |
| kanzure | pfft how hard could repair be. another $10k? | 16:45 |
| fenn | according to the toshiba website http://medical.toshiba.com/resources/images/ct/aq-one-vision-thumb-trauma.jpg | 16:45 |
| kanzure | huh... well. | 16:46 |
| kanzure | you can't unload patients that fast | 16:46 |
| kanzure | you would need a convey belt of patients ready to be loaded up | 16:46 |
| kanzure | *conveyor | 16:46 |
| kanzure | so maybe 5 minutes per patient... so 90 patients/day. | 16:46 |
| kanzure | $90k/day ain't bad either | 16:47 |
| fenn | .title http://www-formal.stanford.edu/pub/jmc/docdil.html | 16:47 |
| yoleaux | THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA ( 9-Dec-2002) | 16:47 |
| kanzure | minus cancellations no-shows late-comers arrival-delays-and-jitter | 16:47 |
| fenn | also be sure to read the solution to the dilemma http://www-formal.stanford.edu/pub/jmc/docdilsol.html | 16:48 |
| kanzure | "People keep coming to him until he is exhausted, but there is always an emergency case more touching than all that have gone before and eventually he dies of exhaustion. Write his speech saying that he realizes he can cure more people if he gets some sleep, but true morality requires him to treat the immediate emergency." | 16:48 |
| kanzure | that guy is a fucking idiot. obviously, they should go to him while he is sleeping. | 16:48 |
| kanzure | and if they disturb him during his sleep, he should be allowed to murder them (his choice) | 16:48 |
| kanzure | another option is to pick a fall-guy | 16:49 |
| fenn | the gift is non-transferable | 16:49 |
| kanzure | i don't understand this? "A mechanism should be provided to stop the motion of the finger of the patient momentarily so that it touches the doctor rather than brushes his skin." | 16:49 |
| kanzure | what's wrong with brushing | 16:50 |
| fenn | nothing at all | 16:50 |
| kanzure | "On the basis of the arithmetic the doctor need only spend 1/60 th of his time curing people, i.e. 24 minutes per day." | 16:50 |
| kanzure | "Imagine further that the doctor, while posessing the gift of healing, is not a super-organizer or super-hero of any sort. How could one make literature of such a situation." | 16:51 |
| kanzure | well, frankly, you would probably have a long period during which you are not optimally utilizing your talents | 16:51 |
| kanzure | you don't just wake up one day and get a human conveyor belt built by moonlight | 16:52 |
| kanzure | i thought my solution was pretty clever ("if he gets tired then let him sleep. so far there's no evidence that touching requires wakefulness.") | 16:53 |
| kanzure | also you can touch more than one person at a time | 16:53 |
| fenn | not that many | 16:53 |
| kanzure | you can double your rate | 16:53 |
| fenn | sure, and more importantly two conveyor belts would be twice as reliable | 16:54 |
| kanzure | so now instead of 24 minutes it's only 12 minutes. thankfully we do not live in a three-dimensional world. | 16:54 |
| fenn | "He forms an organization for curing people and at first works very hard but gradually gets lazy, is corrupted by desire for money, power, fame and women, requires more and more flattery and obsequiousness, eventually strives single-mindedly for power, develops cruel tastes, comes to dominate the country, and is finally assassinated." | 16:55 |
| fenn | this could happen even with the conveyor belt | 16:55 |
| kanzure | q: does his medical talents work on psychological illness and can it work on himself? | 16:56 |
| fenn | touching yourself is morally wrong | 16:56 |
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| kanzure | even if it saves a billion people? | 16:57 |
| kanzure | what was it, 70 million per year? | 16:57 |
| kanzure | that adds up, you know | 16:57 |
| fenn | this story is obviously a metaphor for automated production and the waste created by human irrationality | 16:59 |
| kanzure | was it because i mentioned a conveyor belt or was there some other meaning here | 16:59 |
| kanzure | like, "you will become corrupt if you let people see inside their bodies and make money from that" | 16:59 |
| fenn | can the machine feed itself? i'd say yes, because otherwise (if it were too inefficient) it wouldn't be able to produce enough for the entire planet | 17:00 |
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| fenn | it was probably because you were envisioning shooting patients as fast as possible through a machine | 17:01 |
| kanzure | oh good point you can probably use a projectile system | 17:01 |
| fenn | "no no, we cant have efficiency, this is AMERICA" | 17:01 |
| kanzure | "There are 28 healthcare providers who offer CT Scan procedures in Austin. The cheapest list price of an CT Scan in Austin is $390.00 while the highest price is $8,600.00. There are 22 different types of CT Scan provided in Austin." | 17:02 |
| kanzure | "CT Neck Cost Average $1,300" wtf | 17:03 |
| fenn | in addition to actually scanning you, someone has to look at the images | 17:03 |
| kanzure | "Heart CT Scan Cost Average $6,900" wtf x2 | 17:03 |
| kanzure | yeah well fuck that part. why should that be coupled to that service? | 17:03 |
| fenn | heart requires EBT (i guess) because it's moving around | 17:04 |
| kanzure | iirc they often do not have your primary physician looking at the scan in real-time | 17:04 |
| kanzure | just some technician making "hmm" sounds | 17:04 |
| fenn | your primary physician isn't trained to look at images | 17:04 |
| fenn | the technician isn't the guy who looks at the images either | 17:04 |
| kanzure | whatever, i still think having images is more useful than not having images | 17:05 |
| fenn | me too | 17:05 |
| kanzure | especially for giant tumor cases | 17:05 |
| fenn | i think it's insane that you have to purchase the services of the guy looking at images bundled with the actual scan | 17:05 |
| fenn | nevermind the high cost, and they won't tell you the cost, and they won't give you a scan without a doctor's order, etc | 17:05 |
| Lemminkainen | if you give uneducated people more choice fenn how do you prevent fraudulent claims and corruption in their medical lives? | 17:06 |
| kanzure | "According to Petsbest.com, the cost for a scan ranges from $800 to $1,200 for each diagnostic screening. The total cost may be more than this if multiple scans may be needed. | 17:06 |
| kanzure | Read more: http://www.howmuchisit.org/dog-ct-scan-cost/#ixzz3KPoRpr5z" | 17:06 |
| kanzure | ffff | 17:06 |
| Lemminkainen | most people don't connect the dot between "4 donuts per day" and "diabeetus" | 17:06 |
| kanzure | oh is that what it takes to get diabetes? i've been wondering. | 17:07 |
| fenn | kanzure you didn't know? | 17:07 |
| fenn | soda works too | 17:07 |
| Lemminkainen | if you want to get there faster you can quaff soda by the liter | 17:07 |
| fenn | quaff, my pretties, quaff! | 17:07 |
| kanzure | yeah i've often wondered how much junk i would have to eat to get diabetes | 17:08 |
| Lemminkainen | well how active are you? | 17:08 |
| Lemminkainen | I'm sure we can optimize this process | 17:08 |
| fenn | it's partly genetic, and it depends on how much you exercise, and whether you get real nutrition mixed in with the junk or not | 17:08 |
| kanzure | if you get real nutrition, the 4 donuts/day matter less? | 17:08 |
| kanzure | that sucks | 17:08 |
| fenn | yes | 17:08 |
| kanzure | i was guestimating maybe these people are eating 2-3 gallons of ice cream or something per day | 17:09 |
| kanzure | soda makes sense | 17:09 |
| fenn | any juice really | 17:09 |
| fenn | or what passes for juice in this country | 17:09 |
| kanzure | "In fact, some CT units cost over $100,000" haha | 17:09 |
| kanzure | so you make your money back in like a week of full use | 17:10 |
| kanzure | let's do this | 17:10 |
| Lemminkainen | you just want a CT scanner or do you want a full clinic? | 17:10 |
| kanzure | "More than 70 million CT scans per year are now performed in the US" | 17:11 |
| kanzure | depends on what you mean full clinic | 17:11 |
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| kanzure | i'm thinking: buy a ct machine, maybe two or three interns, rent some property and stick a website up | 17:11 |
| kanzure | so 70M scans/year at $1k/scan is $70B/year.. nice. | 17:12 |
| kanzure | good market size | 17:12 |
| fenn | i'm seeing average scanner price is #1-3 million | 17:13 |
| fenn | $ | 17:13 |
| kanzure | veterinary or no? | 17:13 |
| fenn | hospital http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-key-specialties/12-statistics-on-ct-scanner-costs.html | 17:13 |
| Lemminkainen | full clinic = insurance, certs, actual reimbursement relationships in place with insurers (who is going to pay for these scans), radiologist on staff | 17:14 |
| kanzure | certs? | 17:14 |
| kanzure | nope, no insurance please | 17:14 |
| Lemminkainen | the various certifications necessary for a clinic, will vary by location | 17:14 |
| kanzure | $1k out of pocket or bust | 17:14 |
| fenn | to make sure you're not zapping people with deadly radiation | 17:14 |
| fenn | how about a cruise ship in international waters | 17:14 |
| Lemminkainen | OK, so you want to sell scans as a consumer product outside of insurance so you'll only be able to target those consumers who can dish out $1K on top of their insurance premiums | 17:15 |
| kanzure | you would have to negotiate with the cruise ship company, so no thanks | 17:15 |
| kanzure | Lemminkainen: yep | 17:15 |
| Lemminkainen | talk to Blueseed | 17:15 |
| kanzure | blueseed doesn't actually have a cruise ship yet | 17:15 |
| kanzure | nice try | 17:15 |
| kanzure | and yes the number of people who can afford it sans insurance is smaller than the total market size, but that doesn't sound like a big deal to me | 17:15 |
| fenn | "I had a full body PET scan as well as a chest and brain CT. I got the bill today. 26K before insurance, 600 after." | 17:16 |
| kanzure | these guys provide a scanner attached to a semi-truck for short-term rentals http://www.magnaserv.com/ct-scanner-mobile-rentals.html | 17:16 |
| fenn | yep i've seen one of those parked; they have little feet/jacks that take the load off the tires for stability | 17:17 |
| kanzure | what was it being used for? | 17:17 |
| kanzure | $400k http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/16-16-Slice-CT-scanner_1529474927.html | 17:18 |
| fenn | implanting mind-control devices into innocent american citizens | 17:18 |
| Lemminkainen | they're mobile health clinics that can be taken to places that need them most; such as retirement homes and rural Tennessee | 17:18 |
| Lemminkainen | and Blueseed may not have a ship yet, but Dan will be easier to convince than Carnival Cruise Lines | 17:19 |
| kanzure | here's one for "$2k-$30k" http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/MY-D055-Dual-slice-CT-scanner_60085344975.html | 17:20 |
| fenn | that can't be right | 17:20 |
| kanzure | "life-time maintenance" | 17:20 |
| fenn | the pictures of the cardboard box are too small | 17:21 |
| fenn | life-time maintenance: it works until it doesn't | 17:24 |
| kanzure | http://mayamedical.en.alibaba.com/search/product?_csrf_token_=1e9eedcmcow7f&IndexArea=product_en&SearchText=ct+scanner | 17:25 |
| kanzure | here's one for $200? http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/CT-SIEMENS-EMOTION-16-Slice_138968175.html | 17:28 |
| kanzure | "2009 Siemens Emotion 16 Slice CT Scanner / System Scan Time: 162207.3 sec" | 17:28 |
| kanzure | oh.. "199.000,00$" | 17:28 |
| kanzure | $50k http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/CT-Siemens-Somatom-Emotion-1ch-_50004200272.html | 17:29 |
| kanzure | finding stuff on alibaba is not as straight forward as you would think | 17:29 |
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| fenn | siemens doesn't sell on alibaba | 17:30 |
| fenn | neither does toshiba, GE | 17:31 |
| kanzure | $5k, working but disassembled http://www.ebay.com/itm/Dissasembling-TOSHIBA-CT-Scanner-TCT-600HQ-for-parts-X-Ray-Tube-CXB-350A-/121489498242?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c4956a082 | 17:32 |
| fenn | anyway as i said before, one of these things would be really useful for doing hardware reverse engineering of the mesoscale variety | 17:32 |
| fenn | "for parts" doesn't mean "working" | 17:33 |
| fenn | hm ok | 17:33 |
| kanzure | for all you know they think it means "working means that they don't need to put things together that might seem complex" | 17:33 |
| kanzure | i would have to write some extra software huh :( | 17:34 |
| kanzure | what's all this shit? http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/MTYwMFg5MDA=/z/sPAAAOSw~FNUaQbE/$_57.JPG | 17:35 |
| fenn | he shows the console | 17:35 |
| kanzure | right but for all you know that's proprietary lockdown software | 17:36 |
| superkuh | Looks like a Rockwell Retro Encabulator. | 17:36 |
| kanzure | oh look it has a custom dashboard -_- http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/OTAwWDE2MDA=/z/O-UAAOSw0vBUaQeI/$_57.JPG | 17:36 |
| kanzure | is that a floppy disk slot? | 17:36 |
| fenn | that's a 5 inch floppy slot | 17:37 |
| fenn | worst case scenario you intercept the video signal | 17:38 |
| superkuh | The tank in the bottom of ..._57.JPG might be the high voltage transformer under oil. | 17:38 |
| kanzure | they are all $_57.JPG | 17:39 |
| superkuh | ...oh. | 17:39 |
| superkuh | http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/MTYwMFg5MDA=/z/sPAAAOSw~FNUaQbE/$_57.JPG | 17:39 |
| fenn | probably runs on 3-phase power | 17:40 |
| kanzure | what sorta clinic or doctor's office has 3-phase? | 17:40 |
| fenn | i'm just looking at the wires, man | 17:40 |
| fenn | looks like a fun project, and dangerous in all the wrong ways | 17:43 |
| fenn | put a mouse through and see if it develops cancer | 17:46 |
| kanzure | don't they always develop cancer? | 17:46 |
| kanzure | seems like an unfair test | 17:46 |
| fenn | not if they die of protein deprivation first | 17:47 |
| fenn | the insulating tape wrapped around HV electrical cables doesn't inspire confidence | 17:49 |
| kanzure | i wonder how long their xray tubes last | 17:51 |
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| fenn | the freestanding microstructures thing has "nano cantelievers" which could be useful for portable mass spectrometry | 18:05 |
| fenn | a molecule binds to the tip and changes the resonant frequency; the frequency shift determined by the mass, and we can measure frequency very accurately | 18:06 |
| fenn | i guess the trick is getting it to stick to the very end and not somewhere else | 18:07 |
| fenn | if the cantilever were charged, electric field concentration would attract ions toward the tip | 18:15 |
| kanzure | nano cantilevers are also useful for other cantilever things like afm | 18:16 |
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| kanzure | pfft that's not how you publish a retraction http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~stevenag/bitcoin_threshold_signatures.pdf | 18:25 |
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| kanzure | hello gab_ | 18:27 |
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| kanzure | :( | 18:28 |
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| kanzure | "Imaging at depth in tissue with a single-pixel camera" http://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.2731v1.pdf | 18:32 |
| kanzure | i asked russell about aptamer imaging and he gave that link | 18:32 |
| kanzure | fenn: still around? | 18:35 |
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| Russell | Hi | 18:38 |
| kanzure | welcome back to the 90s | 18:38 |
| Russell | hey hey kanzure | 18:38 |
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| kanzure | we were looking at patch-clamp things earlier today: | 18:38 |
| kanzure | .title http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2014.00145/full | 18:38 |
| yoleaux | Frontiers | Patch-clamp recordings of rat neurons from acute brain slices of the somatosensory cortex during magnetic stimulation | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | 18:38 |
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| kanzure | fenn: superkuh: this is the same russell0 from brainbackups.com | 18:45 |
| kanzure | he has promised a 90% discount on all brainbackup services to us | 18:45 |
| russell0 | http://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.2731v1.pdf | 18:46 |
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| kanzure | russell0: so are you aiming for sub-synapse resolution in the short term? | 18:51 |
| kanzure | short term i guess means <5 years | 18:51 |
| yottabit | "Brain Backups is actively developing new methods and has developed a number of proprietary techniques for imaging neurons using synthetic biology, MRI, smart contrast agents and sensors, and aptamer-based technology." | 18:52 |
| russell0 | sub micron, synapse receptor densities | 18:52 |
| * yottabit is curious about the synbio techniques | 18:52 | |
| kanzure | so the storage cost estimates are based on receptor resolution? | 18:52 |
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| russell0 | connectivity and synaptic weight resolution yes | 18:53 |
| yottabit | also, hi russell0 | 18:53 |
| * yottabit is around for a few mins until the gf tells me to get off the laptop and eat | 18:53 | |
| russell0 | hi yottabit! | 18:53 |
| Lemminkainen | hey russell0 | 18:55 |
| yottabit | i'm too intrigued | 18:55 |
| kanzure | .title https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJpFvQ0YZLk | 18:55 |
| yoleaux | Ultra high Resolution 3D Human Brain Model (BigBrain) in Atelier3D Viewer - YouTube | 18:55 |
| kanzure | "The bigbrain is the brain of a 65yo woman with no neurological or psychiatric diseases in clinical records at time of death. The brain was embedded in parafin and sectionned in 7404 coronal histological sections ( 20 microns), stained for cell bodies. The bigbrain is the digitized reconstruction of the hi-res histological sections (20 microns isotropic)." | 18:55 |
| kanzure | obviously this is not cellular resolution or anything | 18:56 |
| kanzure | but they have data up on ftp ftp://bigbrain.loris.ca/ | 18:56 |
| yottabit | is mri = fmri in the case of brainbackups? | 18:56 |
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| yottabit | hm, i'm told i have to be afk again | 18:57 |
| kanzure | besides receptor density is there anything else on your list of things you suspect are necessary to get a workable backup? | 18:58 |
| kanzure | or even s/receptor density/receptor distribution | 18:58 |
| kanzure | you could probably reconstruct individual synapses just from receptor location data | 18:59 |
| russell0 | Allen Brain Atlas is another good, Mouse, mesoscale connectome | 18:59 |
| russell0 | we're looking at histological type data but getting it non-destructively using nanoCT with 200-400nm voxel sizes | 19:00 |
| kanzure | what sort of tissue depths? | 19:00 |
| russell0 | Anything that **doesn't** involve serial sectioning, etc. | 19:00 |
| russell0 | nanoCT can do any depth, it's just X-ray | 19:00 |
| kanzure | this was from earlier commentary today: | 19:01 |
| kanzure | 16:00 < fenn> i'm highly skeptical that X-ray imaging can produce a connectome and not destroy the brain in the process | 19:01 |
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| russell0 | A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695228 | 19:01 |
| kanzure | maybe you pump the brain with antioxidants first though | 19:02 |
| kanzure | .title | 19:02 |
| yoleaux | A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain. - PubMed - NCBI | 19:02 |
| russell0 | was that 16:00 today? | 19:02 |
| kanzure | 16:00 PST | 19:02 |
| kanzure | (today) | 19:02 |
| russell0 | we're not 100% invested in CT of course | 19:02 |
| russell0 | just running a couple of experiments using that imaging modality now | 19:03 |
| kanzure | heh so i was looking at ct scanners on ebay today | 19:03 |
| kanzure | http://www.ebay.com/itm/Dissasembling-TOSHIBA-CT-Scanner-TCT-600HQ-for-parts-X-Ray-Tube-CXB-350A-/121489498242?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item1c4956a082 | 19:03 |
| kanzure | for different purposes (whole body scans) | 19:03 |
| russell0 | We're running some experiments imaging on this one: http://www.ge-mcs.com/en/radiography-x-ray/ct-computed-tomography/nanotom-s.html | 19:03 |
| kanzure | how long do those xray tubes last? | 19:04 |
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| russell0 | A long long time == it's a high quality instrument | 19:05 |
| kanzure | neat | 19:05 |
| russell0 | This is definitely what a brain looks like in CT without any specific contrast: http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/OTAwWDE2MDA=/z/qQAAAOSw~FNUaQaI/$_57.JPG | 19:05 |
| kanzure | 16:01 < kanzure> he said x-ray plus contrast agents | 19:06 |
| kanzure | 16:01 < fenn> oh in that case the singularity must be here | 19:06 |
| kanzure | 16:01 < fenn> think about it, contrast agents means you have to shoot more x-rays | 19:06 |
| kanzure | 16:01 < fenn> more x-rays means more damage | 19:06 |
| russell0 | "think about it, contrast agents means you have to shoot more x-rays" nonsense | 19:07 |
| kanzure | are there any blood brain barrier issues with aptamers? | 19:12 |
| russell0 | of course -- but aptamers can be selected to cross the BBB | 19:15 |
| kanzure | hmm so the setup there would be, | 19:15 |
| kanzure | make some aptamer selection process that has a facisimile to BBB? | 19:15 |
| kanzure | because the test cycle would be way too long testing against real BBB... i think. | 19:15 |
| russell0 | no | 19:16 |
| kanzure | (i spent some time in an aptamer lab (ellington)) | 19:16 |
| russell0 | For instance: In vivo SELEX for Identification of Brain-penetrating Aptamers www.nature.com/mtna/journal/v2/n1/full/mtna201259a.html | 19:16 |
| kanzure | (but didn't get to work with aptamers....) | 19:16 |
| kanzure | oh that is a neat one | 19:16 |
| russell0 | There are many other examples... | 19:17 |
| kanzure | "e found that the aptamer library employed here required more than 15 rounds of in vivo selection for convergence to specific sequences." | 19:17 |
| kanzure | *we found | 19:17 |
| kanzure | 15 is not too bad | 19:17 |
| russell0 | Aptamers and antibodies, nanobodies that participate in receptor mediated endocytosis are another route | 19:18 |
| kanzure | so you will eventually want a library of different aptamers per receptor variant | 19:19 |
| kanzure | hmm | 19:19 |
| kanzure | and would you dose a brain with the full library, or just one receptor type at a time? | 19:20 |
| russell0 | we have a multi-functionalization scheme | 19:20 |
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| russell0 | so one NP can hit multiple receptors | 19:20 |
| kanzure | oh, do you care about their types though? | 19:20 |
| russell0 | of course!! | 19:21 |
| kanzure | also do you care about ion channels | 19:21 |
| kanzure | so one nanoparticle hits multiple receptor types.. how do you distinguish that signal? | 19:22 |
| russell0 | sure for instance glutamate gated ion channels | 19:22 |
| kanzure | cool | 19:22 |
| russell0 | So in case anyone on here cares: we're raising money to build the imaging agents for the full list of neuroreceptors and neurotransmitters at https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/brain-backups/ | 19:23 |
| russell0 | you should definitely get involved if you believe in non-destructive non-invasive brain imaging | 19:23 |
| russell0 | 8) | 19:24 |
| kanzure | hmm | 19:24 |
| kanzure | i'd rather take equity | 19:24 |
| russell0 | Or invest... | 19:24 |
| russell0 | Two videos that explain a lot of the background are linked from the Indiegogo page | 19:25 |
| russell0 | One given a month ago at SingularityNYC | 19:25 |
| kanzure | we have seen both videos :) | 19:25 |
| russell0 | all of you?? :) | 19:26 |
| kanzure | i kickban people that don't follow along | 19:26 |
| kanzure | helps maintain signal/noise | 19:27 |
| lichen | you havent banned me yet | 19:27 |
| kanzure | that's because nmz787 is trying to hire you | 19:27 |
| lichen | fair | 19:27 |
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| russell0 | I'm prob. gonna take off from so active typing soon. Kanzure -- hope I filled in some info you wanted. | 19:28 |
| kanzure | yep absolutely | 19:29 |
| kanzure | feel free to idle around | 19:29 |
| russell0 | cool | 19:29 |
| kanzure | there will be more questions | 19:29 |
| kanzure | russell0: which things are currently working, with the CT scanner? | 19:54 |
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| kanzure | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy | 20:01 |
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| fenn | guh why do people only appear while i'm away | 20:08 |
| kanzure | he hasn't completely disappeared | 20:09 |
| russell0 | One of the problems with CT is we haven't figured out how to barcode the nanoparticles | 20:09 |
| russell0 | Barcoding in other imaging modalities like MR, NIR, etc. is comparably easier | 20:09 |
| russell0 | we can barcode the RNA or DNA on the NP and get it off after imaging using CT, but not *during* imaging at present | 20:10 |
| russell0 | which I find annoying | 20:10 |
| russell0 | If there are any materials physics wizards who can figure out barcoding NP in nanoCT do get in touch | 20:11 |
| russell0 | If you're following this thread, this paper might be interesting: Sequencing the Connectome www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001411 | 20:12 |
| kanzure | we have at least one ab initio chemistry person in here | 20:12 |
| kanzure | or we did, i wonder where she went | 20:12 |
| fenn | that mouse paper was based on 469 mouse brains; i'm not sure what "TissueCyte STP tomography image" is | 20:12 |
| russell0 | It's a $900K two-photon serial tomography machine from a company called TissueVision | 20:15 |
| russell0 | Founded by a guy Tim Ragan | 20:16 |
| kanzure | what makes it $900k :) | 20:16 |
| russell0 | It breaks so often! ;) | 20:16 |
| kanzure | ha | 20:16 |
| russell0 | STP = serial two-photon | 20:16 |
| kanzure | any chance of capturing data about individual cell bodies? axons, etc | 20:18 |
| fenn | how does barcoding work in MRI and NIR? | 20:20 |
| russell0 | From that paper: "Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV), serotype 1, expressing EGFP optimally was chosen as the anterograde tracer to map axonal projections19,20. We also confirmed that AAV was at least as efficient as, and more specific than, the classic anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) (Extended Data Fig. 1), as described separately21. | 20:21 |
| russell0 | EGFP-labelled axonal projections were systematically imaged using the TissueCyte 1000 serial two-photon (STP) tomography system22, which couples high-speed two-photon microscopy with automated vibratome sectioning of an entire mouse brain." | 20:21 |
| fenn | am i right in thinking that the "bar code" is an absorption/fluorescence spectrum? | 20:21 |
| fenn | also why is injecting large amounts of heavy metals not considered destructive? | 20:24 |
| fenn | i didn't watch the video | 20:24 |
| kanzure | https://www.dropbox.com/s/ww9x698xd75n5vd/A%20mesoscale%20connectome%20of%20the%20mouse%20brainnature13186.pdf?dl=0 | 20:26 |
| fenn | (gadolinium is considered a heavy metal right?) | 20:26 |
| russell0 | gold NPs have very little toxitiy. Iron or iron oxide is ingested in the multi-gram amounts as a nutritional supplement. Colloidal silver is an age-old anti-bacterial. | 20:26 |
| fenn | woah woah woah | 20:26 |
| fenn | just because some misguided soul ingests something doesn't mean you can put it in your brain directly | 20:27 |
| russell0 | If you can show any toxicity of a 15-50nm e.g. Au NP let me know | 20:27 |
| fenn | .title http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2988217/ | 20:28 |
| yoleaux | Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? | 20:28 |
| fenn | i haven't read this yet | 20:29 |
| fenn | "use of the CTAB molecules is essential and thus the gold nanorods are “born” with bound surfactant, ... CTAB alone is a quite toxic to cells at sub-micromolar dose" (CTAB is a surfactant) | 20:32 |
| fenn | "possible size-dependent toxicity of gold nanoparticles ... In particular, gold nanoparticles less than 2 nm in diameter show evidence of chemical reactivity that does not occur at larger sizes" | 20:34 |
| fenn | if you talk about nanoparticles as "micromolar" does that mean moles of gold or moles of particles? | 20:36 |
| russell0 | Thanks for the paper. Toxicity in mice leading to cellular damage and inflammation in the liver, but at what dose? No toxicity in zebrafish. It's complicated! | 20:36 |
| Lemminkainen | particles, fenn | 20:37 |
| russell0 | Investigating the optimal size of anticancer nanomedicine www.pnas.org/content/111/43/15344 | 20:39 |
| fenn | looking at table 1 it seems that particles around 1.4 nm are the most toxic | 20:39 |
| fenn | er, inprevious paper | 20:39 |
| russell0 | Investigating the Impact of Nanoparticle Size on Active and Passive Tumor Targeting Efficiency pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn500299p | 20:39 |
| fenn | blarg | 20:40 |
| fenn | russell0: sorry all our paper paywall-crossing infrastructure went offline like two days ago | 20:40 |
| russell0 | lol get a login! ;) | 20:40 |
| kanzure | one sec booting it up | 20:40 |
| russell0 | ehh sorry | 20:40 |
| russell0 | anyway 50 nm is a good size for low toxicity | 20:41 |
| russell0 | and good activity in cancer applications | 20:41 |
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| kanzure | paperbot: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn500299p | 20:41 |
| russell0 | "Here, we systematically evaluated the size-dependent biological profiles of three monodisperse drug–silica nanoconjugates (NCs; 20, 50, and 200 nm) through both experiments and mathematical modeling and aimed to identify the optimal size for the most effective anticancer drug delivery. Among the three NCs investigated, the 50-nm NC shows the highest tumor tissue retention integrated over time" | 20:41 |
| kanzure | guess paperbot is still broken | 20:44 |
| fenn | ok i am willing to concede that 50nm gold particles are probably not toxic | 20:44 |
| russell0 | nitroxides are another neat non-NP contrast agent | 20:45 |
| fenn | assuming you have a brain full of nanoparticles stuck in the right places, how do you get an x-ray image of individual particles? | 20:49 |
| russell0 | So many question Fenn... so many questions | 20:50 |
| russell0 | Do you think I can just tell you **everything**?? | 20:50 |
| fenn | yes | 20:50 |
| fenn | what comes after exa | 20:50 |
| fenn | is it yocto | 20:50 |
| kanzure | russell0: if you get hit by a bus we'll probably be the only ones left to build it | 20:51 |
| russell0 | "assuming you have a brain full of nanoparticles stuck in the right places, how do you get an x-ray image of individual particles?" what do YOU think | 20:51 |
| fenn | ok a brain (20cm cube) would have 1 zettavoxel at 20nm resolution | 20:51 |
| kanzure | one way i can think to get an x-ray image of individual nanoparticles is to put a scanner up really close | 20:51 |
| fenn | there's no way to image that many pixels at once so you need to scan | 20:52 |
| fenn | here's where my knowledge of x-ray optics fails | 20:52 |
| fenn | presumably you can build something approximating a lens with a nanoscale zone plate | 20:53 |
| russell0 | basically the x-ray scintillator is 4000px X 4000px | 20:54 |
| russell0 | you can zoom in the field of view sort of as much as you want | 20:54 |
| fenn | but focusing on something a few nm in size, several inches away, would require a very precise lens | 20:54 |
| russell0 | this gives a computed tomographic image in 3D | 20:54 |
| russell0 | no | 20:54 |
| fenn | is it pinhole optics? | 20:54 |
| russell0 | no | 20:54 |
| fenn | um... x-ray lasers don't exist afaik | 20:55 |
| fenn | x-ray mirrors are ridiculously hard to fabricate and not very precise even if you do | 20:55 |
| russell0 | "The detector in the nanotom is a flat panel digital detector. The model is a DXR 500L and it is made by GE healthcare. It has a Cesium Iodide scintillator on an amorphous Silicon plate." | 20:56 |
| fenn | that doesn't tell me anything about what the emitter looks like, or the optical path | 20:57 |
| fenn | a caveman could make a scintillator | 20:57 |
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| russell0 | http://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/_1172960774.png | 20:58 |
| fenn | ok so that point source, if it's produced by an impinging electron beam, will heat up whatever it's hitting and spall away material | 20:59 |
| fenn | or sputter i guess | 20:59 |
| fenn | the focal plane will change, or the source will change if you aim the beam at a different place | 21:00 |
| russell0 | What are you trying to get at? | 21:00 |
| fenn | how to image nanoscale objects with x-rays | 21:00 |
| russell0 | just look at the design of nanoCT machines from GE, siemens, etc. | 21:01 |
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| fenn | xradia nanoxct-100 "Produces high-resolution 3D X-rays as fine as 50 nm; depth of focus up to 65 microns | 21:03 |
| fenn | - Zone plate and capillary based X-ray optics" | 21:03 |
| russell0 | lol anyone except xradia | 21:03 |
| fenn | GE nanoCT "sample sizes of up to 250 x 240 mm and the combination of proprietary GE technology in terms of X-ray tube, detector, generator and CT software ensures that a voxel size of down to 300 nm (0.3 µm) can be achieved." | 21:04 |
| russell0 | yeah!!! | 21:04 |
| kanzure | "proprietary magic" is not an answer | 21:05 |
| kanzure | quick, to the patent machine! | 21:05 |
| kanzure | https://www.google.com/search?num=100&safe=off&site=&tbm=pts&source=hp&q=nanoCT&oq=nanoCT&gs_l=hp.3..0l2j0i10l8.457.1011.0.1252.7.6.0.0.0.0.297.775.0j2j2.4.0.cprnk%2Cekomodo%3Dtrue%2Ckpnr%3D100...0...1.1.58.hp..4.3.477.0.ae3JqWK-PSA | 21:05 |
| fenn | 240mm/3072px = 78 micron so they're doing some kind of scanning to get down to 0.3 micron | 21:07 |
| russell0 | right. in fact the machine will not do 200nm voxel at 240mm field of view, it will do something like 78 um | 21:08 |
| fenn | am i missing something here? the xradia machine had better specs | 21:11 |
| fenn | Zernike phase contrast mode at 8 keV with 50-nm resolution using Cu rotation anode X-ray source | 21:11 |
| fenn | so they rotate the electron beam target to prevent it from melting | 21:12 |
| fenn | .title http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v6/n11/abs/nphys1765.html | 21:12 |
| yoleaux | Zernike phase contrast in scanning microscopy with X-rays : Nature Physics : Nature Publishing Group | 21:12 |
| kanzure | paperbot: http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v6/n11/abs/nphys1765.html | 21:13 |
| paperbot | http://libgen.org/scimag/get.php?doi=10.1038%2Fnphys1765 | 21:13 |
| kanzure | there we go | 21:13 |
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| kanzure | jrayhawk_: ^ | 21:13 |
| ebowden | paperbot: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13886.html | 21:13 |
| russell0 | yeah I'm sure there's some machine out there with better specs than yours, doesn't mean you have that machine with better specs ;P | 21:13 |
| paperbot | http://libgen.org/scimag/get.php?doi=10.1038%2Fnature13886 | 21:13 |
| russell0 | heh | 21:14 |
| russell0 | https://itg.beckman.illinois.edu/microscopy_suite/equipment/nano_ct/ | 21:14 |
| kanzure | .title | 21:14 |
| yoleaux | ITG : Xradia NanoCT (nanoXCT-100) | 21:14 |
| fenn | oh i thought you were laughing at it because it was bad | 21:15 |
| ebowden | \:D/ | 21:15 |
| ebowden | Thanks paperbot. :D | 21:15 |
| russell0 | http://www.lao.cz/data/ke-stazeni/nanoXCT_100_eu_1_.pdf voxel: 50nm, field of view 15 um | 21:16 |
| ebowden | paperbot: http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822%2814%2900123-7 | 21:19 |
| fenn | i am wondering what the "objective lens" is made from | 21:19 |
| russell0 | as a matter of fact, however, we're moving away from X-ray to NIR and the so-called NIR windows | 21:20 |
| russell0 | Au Nanorod Design as Light-Absorber in the First and Second Biological Near-Infrared Windows for in Vivo Photothermal Therapy pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn401187c | 21:20 |
| russell0 | In the NIR region, two biological transparency windows are located in 650–950 nm (first NIR window) and 1000–1350 nm (second NIR window) | 21:20 |
| russell0 | Because of the difficulty of fast scanning on nanoCT systems | 21:21 |
| fenn | russell0: to be clear, you are intending to scan living brains? | 21:21 |
| kanzure | paperbot: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn401187c | 21:21 |
| russell0 | yup | 21:22 |
| fenn | did you know that they move around with heartbeat? | 21:22 |
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| russell0 | and breathing and ... | 21:22 |
| kanzure | they also grow | 21:23 |
| russell0 | and die! | 21:23 |
| kanzure | they grow entire nanometers per day i think | 21:23 |
| kanzure | at least | 21:23 |
| kanzure | i knew a number once... | 21:23 |
| fenn | well that's interesting but moving around like a bowl full of jelly seems like a problem for any kind of scanning approach | 21:23 |
| kanzure | it is somewhere in http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/neuro/ | 21:23 |
| russell0 | Fenn - how would you measure synaptic weights using NIR? | 21:24 |
| russell0 | or Kanzure | 21:24 |
| fenn | you'd need to do something like PALM/STORM but with IR wavelengths and biocompatible phosphors | 21:25 |
| fenn | since NIR wavelength is so far above synaptic scale, you obviously need superresolution techniques | 21:25 |
| fenn | you could bind antibodies to whatever you're measuring, say receptor proteins, at low enough concentration that it doesn't make you go nuts | 21:26 |
| russell0 | Or send RNA down the axon and cause a contrast event when it reaches its companion synapse | 21:27 |
| fenn | a weak binding constant would allow them to detach float around and reattach to other proteins | 21:27 |
| fenn | contrast has nothing to do with it | 21:27 |
| russell0 | Our microscopy core told us we can get 0.5um resolution in NIR without superresolution techniques | 21:27 |
| fenn | in PALM the dye absorbs light at one wavelength, then randomly decays and emits another wavelength | 21:27 |
| russell0 | ever heard of upconverting NPs? | 21:28 |
| nmz787_w | or raman | 21:28 |
| nmz787_w | tip-enhanced raman maybe | 21:28 |
| fenn | if you get the number of dye molecules down to around 1 per airy circle radius, you can calculate the exact center coordinates (in 3d) of the emission | 21:28 |
| fenn | um, that was wrong | 21:28 |
| fenn | the numeber of emission events* | 21:29 |
| fenn | nmz787_w: anti-stokes scattering? | 21:29 |
| russell0 | Are we talking about CT anymore? | 21:29 |
| russell0 | A new website that someone is putting together not live yet http://brainbackups.flubula.net/ | 21:30 |
| fenn | uh, not sure what the terminology is, but PALM is usually done on a 2d microscope slide and gives you 3d coordinates | 21:30 |
| russell0 | we're not really interested in 2d microscope slide anything | 21:31 |
| fenn | anyway regarding "upconversion" you can't do that because the emitted high frequency light will be blocked by the skull; the output has to be in NIR also | 21:31 |
| fenn | actually it will be absorbed by the brain tissue | 21:31 |
| fenn | scattered | 21:31 |
| russell0 | no -- I have data right now showing UC NPs emitting through tissue | 21:31 |
| kanzure | .wik http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoactivated_localization_microscopy | 21:31 |
| yoleaux | "Photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM or FPALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are widefield (as opposed to point scanning techniques such as laser scanning confocal microscopy) fluorescence microscopy imaging methods that allow obtaining images with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoactivated_localization_microscopy | 21:31 |
| fenn | i imagine NIR will be scattered by brain tissue too | 21:31 |
| russell0 | Does anyone have anything constructive to say? | 21:32 |
| russell0 | Like using these tools how would you approach this? | 21:32 |
| dingo_ | TITS AND BEER | 21:32 |
| fenn | i just told you? | 21:32 |
| russell0 | Try again | 21:33 |
| dingo_ | I just implemend xmodem for my telnet bbs ....? :) | 21:33 |
| fenn | russell0: this has been an entertaining game but you've provided zero input | 21:34 |
| russell0 | I bet | 21:34 |
| russell0 | Fenn: "how to image nanoscale objects with x-rays" | 21:34 |
| fenn | .title http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v8/n9/full/nphoton.2014.166.html | 21:37 |
| yoleaux | Through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain in a new near-infrared window : Nature Photonics : Nature Publishing Group | 21:37 |
| nmz787_w | fenn: http://diyhpl.us/~nmz787/pdf/Apertureless_near-field_far-field_CW_two-photon_microscope_for_biological_and_material_imaging_and_spectroscopic_applications.pdf | 21:37 |
| russell0 | Yeah we found that through-skull paper a month ago | 21:38 |
| nmz787_w | ,wik optical coherence tomography | 21:38 |
| nmz787_w | .wik optical coherence tomography | 21:38 |
| yoleaux | "Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_coherence_tomography | 21:38 |
| nmz787_w | fenn: I believe I common real-time-clock crystal might suffice | 21:39 |
| fenn | nmz787_w: topic is "how would you recover synaptic density and connectome from a living brain without hurting it" | 21:39 |
| nmz787_w | fenn: ah, ok | 21:39 |
| kanzure | receptors, not just synapses | 21:39 |
| nmz787_w | there must be a JTAG-like way | 21:40 |
| fenn | :) | 21:40 |
| nmz787_w | through the eyes | 21:40 |
| fenn | anselm's idea was to infect the brain with genetically engineered protozoa that leave fiber-optic poop trails behind them going back to the source | 21:40 |
| kanzure | i wonder if russell0 knows anselm | 21:40 |
| kanzure | is anselm considered a 3scan person? | 21:40 |
| fenn | that way they could pick up light emitted by the cells before it was scattered | 21:41 |
| russell0 | I think synaptic weights and cell subtypes are more important than synaptic densities | 21:41 |
| kanzure | russell0: btw anselm just raised $9M the other day for his dna synthesis startup, cambrian genomics | 21:41 |
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| kanzure | well, 10 | 21:41 |
| fenn | i'm sure they've met | 21:42 |
| fenn | russell0: your upconverting nanoparticles, do they emit x-rays? | 21:44 |
| russell0 | Some do! | 21:44 |
| fenn | hrm that's a thing | 21:44 |
| russell0 | "infect the brain with genetically engineered protozoa that leave fiber-optic poop trails behind them going back to the source" sounds worse than Parkinson's and Alzheimer's at the same time | 21:48 |
| russell0 | Tau proteins stabilize axons but in over-abundance kill neurons, causing Alzheimer's, etc. | 21:49 |
| fenn | "Metallic nanoparticles (MNP) are able to release localized x-rays when activated with a high energy proton beam by the particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) effect." | 21:50 |
| fenn | that's all i've found so far | 21:50 |
| russell0 | Or you could just image the densities or NR and NT's throughout a whole brain without killing it, or using CLARITY | 21:51 |
| nmz787_w | pixe is not gonna work, how do you get the particles in there? | 21:51 |
| fenn | the "particle" in PIXE is the proton | 21:52 |
| nmz787_w | it's any particle with sufficient inertia | 21:52 |
| nmz787_w | (in my experience gallium) | 21:52 |
| fenn | .wik anatoli bugorski | 21:52 |
| yoleaux | "Anatoli Petrovich Bugorski (Russian: Анатолий Петрович Бугорский; born 1942) is a Russian scientist who was struck by a particle accelerator beam in 1978." — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoli_Bugorski | 21:52 |
| nmz787_w | but even so, how do you accelerate the particles? | 21:52 |
| russell0 | listeria vs. protozoa | 21:52 |
| russell0 | energy | 21:53 |
| nmz787_w | that won't help anyone practically though | 21:53 |
| nmz787_w | need a /bit/ more definition of the system | 21:53 |
| fenn | russell0: having trouble decoding your acronyms, what's "NR and NT's" | 21:54 |
| russell0 | neuroreceptors and neurotransmitters | 21:54 |
| fenn | ok i didnt realize "neuroreceptor" was a word | 21:54 |
| ebowden | paperbot: http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-4788-7_108 | 21:55 |
| russell0 | For example: dopamine receptors include D2R D3R, or D1-D5 | 21:56 |
| russell0 | Dopamine transporter is imaged using DaTscan etc. | 21:56 |
| russell0 | there are 5 dopamine receptors | 21:56 |
| fenn | yes we were talking about trying to do PET scan at high resolution earlier | 21:57 |
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| fenn | my impression was that it was infeasible due to detector size vs noise | 21:58 |
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| fenn | for PET you need to correlate TWO photons, and picking them out against background radiation is a task | 21:59 |
| fenn | "A PET scanner detects these emissions "coincident" in time, which provides more radiation event localization information and, thus, higher spatial resolution images than SPECT (which has about 1 cm resolution)." | 22:00 |
| ebowden | paperbot: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22173844 | 22:01 |
| paperbot | ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='libgen.org', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /scimag/librarian/form.php (Caused by <class 'socket.error'>: [Errno 104] Connection reset by peer) (file "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 375, in send) | 22:01 |
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| fenn | in order to reliably pick up a single photon (which you'd need to do for PET) you need large cascading detectors, which could be scintillators or avalanche diodes | 22:02 |
| fenn | hm this is cool https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_photomultiplier | 22:03 |
| fenn | bah basically no info online from srs.fbk.eu | 22:09 |
| fenn | "Punch-through biasing" | 22:10 |
| fenn | so anyway the gamma ray has to interact with regular matter in such a way that it gives off light; obviously traditional scintillation vials are out because they are so large that the pixel count would be too low | 22:11 |
| fenn | maybe adding gold nanoparticles on top of the silicon avalance photodiodes would allow sufficiently compact detectors to localize the event to within a nanometers, but i dunno how to do the math for that | 22:12 |
| fenn | or some other nanoparticle that has a reasonably high x-ray cross section | 22:13 |
| fenn | "It has been calculated that only some 4% of the energy from a β emission event is converted to light by even the most efficient scintillation cocktails." | 22:16 |
| fenn | (4%)^2 = 0.16% | 22:16 |
| nmz787_w | PIN photodiodes can detect gamma and xray | 22:17 |
| nmz787_w | they're cheap too | 22:17 |
| fenn | oh 4% of the energy, nevermind | 22:17 |
| nmz787_w | but they're just single pixel | 22:17 |
| fenn | nmz787_w: directly? | 22:17 |
| nmz787_w | yes | 22:19 |
| nmz787_w | http://www.jameco.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Product_10001_10001_2170812_-1 | 22:19 |
| nmz787_w | .title | 22:19 |
| yoleaux | CJKIT-20255: JAMECO KITPRO: Education & Hobby Kits | 22:19 |
| nmz787_w | http://cfi.lbl.gov/instrumentation/Pubs/LBNL-34873.pdf | 22:20 |
| nmz787_w | PET something something .... PIN photodiode | 22:20 |
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| nmz787_w | http://www.ifm.umich.mx/~villasen/AIP-Com_Vol/039-Ramirez-Jimenez.pdf | 22:21 |
| nmz787_w | 'Application of PIN diodes in Physics Research' | 22:22 |
| fenn | the LBNL one uses a scintillator | 22:23 |
| fenn | big fat crystal | 22:23 |
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| fenn | every time i read about x-ray spectroscopy i forget half of it | 22:27 |
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| nmz787__ | http://diyhpl.us/~nmz787/pdf/Spectral_Response_of_Gamma_and_Electron_Irradiated_Pin_Photodiode.pdf | 22:31 |
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| nmz787__ | sorry I missed out | 22:31 |
| nmz787__ | browser crashed | 22:31 |
| fenn | i hear ya. my laptop has started turning off randomly after being unplugged | 22:32 |
| fenn | it's one way of closing tabs at least | 22:33 |
| nmz787__ | i tried buying an asus x205 (quad core atom with 1366x768 screen) earlier for $100 at staples but I went too late :/ | 22:34 |
| fenn | oh today is capitalism day | 22:34 |
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| fenn | nmz787___: i can see you | 22:43 |
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| nmz787___ | how do i change my nick from the irc command window? | 22:58 |
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| fenn | use /nick | 23:05 |
| fenn | also you should set up sasl and get an unaffiliated cloak | 23:06 |
| fenn | god damn robots crawling all over gnusha | 23:10 |
| nmz787___ | idk what sasl is, sounds like cryption | 23:10 |
| nmz787___ | i read some faq on cloaking but it didn't help me | 23:10 |
| fenn | you need to go in #freenode and ask for a cloak | 23:11 |
| nmz787___ | hmm, says my nick nmz787 is already in use :( | 23:11 |
| fenn | msg nickserv ghost nmz787 | 23:11 |
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| nmz787 | hmm, ok I guess i got it | 23:15 |
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