- Google has published a draft specification for “Signed HTTP Exchanges,” a new web-packaging format that allows a site to be served from any cache while still proving authenticity, reviving the decades-old idea of cryptographically signed web packages.  
- Discussion framed the proposal as the web finally catching up to 1996-era security concepts, highlighting long-standing frustration with the lack of standardized, integrity-preserving content distribution.  
- Bitcoin’s cumulative proof-of-work crossed 2⁹⁰ double-SHA256 hashes as of block 0000000000000000001dd2ce6adc4c472fe12fc8ff48a86a89ffbd4fa95a1a55, providing a concrete, public benchmark for large-scale brute-force computations.  
- Participants noted that most recent increases in hash-rate come from ASIC design iterations rather than fundamental physics gains, and called for a rigorous analysis by physicists of how close these operations now approach the Landauer limit.  
- The consensus takeaway was that 2⁹⁰ operations is no longer an abstract, “unheard-of” figure, giving security modelers a real-world reference for estimating the cost of nation-state or industrial-scale brute-force attacks.