Subject: Re: [bitcoin-dev] Safer NOINPUT with output tagging

From: ZmnSCPxj <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 21 Dec 2018 11:40:06 +0000

Good morning Johnson,

> The proposed solution is that an output must be “tagged” for it to be spendable with NOINPUT, and the “tag” must be made explicitly by the payer. There are 2 possible ways to do the tagging:

First off, this is a very good idea I think.

>     While this seems fully compatible with eltoo, is there any other proposals require NOINPUT, and is adversely affected by either way of tagging?

It prevents use of SIGHASH_NOINPUT to support walletless offchain protocols.
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2018-May/015925.html
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2018-May/015926.html

In brief, this idea of "walletless offchain software" is motivated by the fact, that various onchain wallets exist with many features.
For instance, privacy-enhancement as in Samourai/Wasabi/etc.
And so on.
There are requests to include such features in e.g. Lightning software, for example: https://github.com/ElementsProject/lightning/issues/2105
But it is enough of a challenge to implement Lightning, without the additional burden of implementing nice onchain features like coin control and change labelling.

It would be best if we can retain features from an onchain wallet, while using our coin on an offchain system.
Further, it would allow onchain wallet developers to focus and gain expertise on onchain wallet features, and, vice versa, for offchain walletless software developers to focus on offchain software features.

The core idea comes from the way that offchain systems need to be set up:

1.  First we agree on a (currently unconfirmed) txid and output number on which to anchor our offchain system (the funding transaction).
2.  Then we sign a backout transaction (the initial commitment transactions under Poon-Dryja, or the timelock branches for CoinSwapCS, or the initial kickoff-settlement transactions for Decker-Russell-Osuntokun) spending the agreed TXO, to return the money back to the owner(s) in case some participant aborts the setting up of the offchain system.
3.  Then we sign and broadcast the funding transaction.

Unfortunately, the typical onchain wallet has a very simple and atomic (uncuttable) process for making transactions:

1.  Make, sign, and broadcast transaction with an output paying to the desired address.

Thus a typical onchain wallet cannot be used to set up a funding transaction for an offchain system.

Now suppose we take advantage of `SIGHASH_NOINPUT`, and modify our offchain system setup as below:

1.  First we agree on a N-of-N pubkey on which to anchor our offchain system (the funding address).
2.  Then we sign (with SIGHASH_NOINPUT) a backout transaction (the initial commitment transactions under Poon-Dryja, or the timelock branches for CoinSwapCS, or the initial kickoff-settlement transactions for Decker-Russell-Osuntokun), spending the agreed funding address, to return the money back to the owner(s) in case some participant aborts the setting up of the offchain system.
3.  Make, sign, and broadcast transaction with an output paying to the funding address.  This step can be done by any typical onchain wallet.

Note that only the starting backout transaction is *required* to sign with `SIGHASH_NOINPUT`.
For instance, a Poon-Dryja channel may sign succeeding commitment transactions with `SIGHASH_ALL`.
Finally, only in case of disaster (some participant aborts before the offchain system is set up) is the `SIGHASH_NOINPUT` backoff transaction broadcasted.
A "normal close" of the offchain system can be signed with typical `SIGHASH_ALL` for no fungibility problems.

With this, an offchain system need not require its implementing software to implement its own wallet.
Further, onchain wallets can directly put its funds into an offchain system, without requiring an onchain transfer to an offchain software wallet.

This can be helpful when building overall software.
We might take any commodity onchain wallet and any commodity offchain software, and we can integrate them easily to create a seamless wallet experience that allows spending and receiving onchain and offchain.
Further, improvements in one software component do not require re-building of the other software component.

--

That said:

1.  For Lightning and similar systems, the fact that the Lightning node will give you an address that, when paid using any commodity onchain wallet, opens a channel, means that people will make wrong assumptions.
    In particular, they are likely to assume that address reuse is safe and will attempt to "refill" their channel by paying to the same address again in the future.
    From this alone, we can immediately see that this idea is pointless.
2.  Dual-funding, which for some reason is asked for as a feature, cannot be done with this anyway.
3.  It may be better to provide some standard way of signing transactions without broadcasting them.
    This would still allow similar separation of concerns between onchain and offchain software components.

So output tagging still seems fine to me, even if this particular use cannot be supported.

Regards,
ZmnSCPxj