The fast hash for internal nodes needs to use an IV that is not the
standard SHA-256 IV. Instead needs to use some other fixed value, which
should itself be the SHA-256 hash of some fixed string (e.g. the string
"BIP ???" or "Fash SHA-256").

As it stands, I believe someone can claim a leaf node as an internal node
by creating a proof that provides a phony right-hand branch claiming to
have hash 0x80000..0000100 (which is really the padding value for the
second half of a double SHA-256 hash).

(I was schooled by Peter Todd by a similar issue in the past.)

On Wed, Sep 6, 2017 at 8:38 PM, Mark Friedenbach via bitcoin-dev <
bitcoin-dev@lists.linuxfoundation.org> wrote:

> Fast Merkle Trees
> BIP: https://gist.github.com/maaku/41b0054de0731321d23e9da90ba4ee0a
> Code: https://github.com/maaku/bitcoin/tree/fast-merkle-tree
>