# Key Points from #hplusroadmap IRC Discussion

• Participants discussed chip decapping and microscopy techniques, noting that modern integrated circuits with nanometer-scale features require electron microscopy rather than optical microscopes due to the diffraction limit of visible light (approximately 250nm), while specialized techniques like Sarfus can visualize structures down to 0.3nm.

• Resources on semiconductor fabrication were shared, including links to tutorials on decapping techniques, microcontroller imaging examples from siliconpr0n.org, and educational materials from RIT about IC fabrication and packaging techniques for MEMS and microfluidic devices.

• A discussion of Tor network vulnerabilities followed a major law enforcement operation against hidden services, analyzing how multiple attack vectors were deployed simultaneously and discussing the implications of exit node seizures.

• Ralph Merkle's diverse research contributions were highlighted through YouTube videos covering his work in molecular nanotechnology, mechanosynthesis, and cryopreservation, extending beyond his well-known cryptographic innovations.

• Someone proposed creating innovative educational tools for semiconductor analysis, such as a pay-per-minute online Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope experience or a silicon "Capture-The-Flag" challenge connected to real FIB equipment.

• The conversation addressed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) safety concerns, discussing proper testing protocols and the limitations of using lab animals as experimental models, touching on statistical concepts like null hypotheses and systematic bias in translating results to humans.

• An interesting historical case of DIY biology was shared about Russell Marker, who established his own lab in Mexico to extract hormone precursors from Mexican yams, dramatically reducing the cost of steroid production.