Session Start: Tue Jan 06 09:31:28 2009 Session Ident: #Chemistry [09:31] * Now talking in #Chemistry [09:31] * chemistry.gravitywaves.com sets mode: +nt [16:05] * DrSturm has joined #Chemistry [16:17] * jobe has joined #Chemistry [16:17] DrSturm...are we the only ones in the room? [16:20] Do we turn in the completed homework via blackboard? Or is the homework only to help us with the concepts in the chapters? [16:21] * jobe has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [16:21] * jobe has joined #Chemistry [16:22] Just to help you prepare for the exams [16:22] Homework does not need to be turned in [16:22] * jobe1 has joined #Chemistry [16:22] * jobe1 has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [16:22] Homework is not turned in, it is preparation for the exams [16:23] Thank you Dr. Sturm [16:23] I don't see how one can't be prepared with the books and the powerpoints...the homework is icing on the cake. [16:24] It gives you a better idea of what the level of the questions on the exam will be [16:27] Understood....thank you. [17:12] i waited to see if any students needed help...see you next chat Dr. Sturm [17:14] O.K., see you next week. [17:17] * jobe has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:26] * DrSturm has quit IRC [17:26] * Disconnected Session Close: Tue Jan 06 17:26:57 2009 Session Start: Tue Jan 13 11:37:55 2009 Session Ident: #Chemistry [11:37] * Now talking in #Chemistry [11:37] * chemistry.gravitywaves.com sets mode: +nt [16:01] * DrSturm has joined #Chemistry [16:11] * Elvis has joined #Chemistry [16:11] hello Dr Strum [16:12] Sturm [16:12] Hi [16:12] how was your day? [16:19] What the chat today about?? [16:19] It is to answer any content questions students may have. [16:20] o hmm if i dont have any right this moment can i leave? [16:20] Yes. [16:20] I think next time ill take the test time around this time so i can ask you questions [16:21] okay will bye bye [16:21] Sounds good. [16:21] * Elvis has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [16:34] * Jenn has joined #Chemistry [16:36] Hello is anyone on? [16:37] Yes, do you have a question [16:38] yes, i was just wondering if our homework assignments have to be turned in also? [16:38] No, they are to help you prepare for the exams [16:39] oh okay. I have the book as well so im just reading through it. when i have a question or if i get confused and its not Tuesday, ill just ask in the discussion board right? [16:40] Either the Discussion board or e-mail [16:41] is the supplementary kind of like a review of the chapters or like the workbook information? [16:42] It is the Power Point presentations [16:44] are they necessary to read through as well? [16:44] Yes very important [16:45] like key points of the chapters? [16:46] In some cases the Power Points outline the key points and in other cases they are all of the information, i.e. Forensics, Chemistry and the Gym [16:51] okay sounds good! thank you so much this is all very helpful! [16:51] You are welcome [16:53] * ESanchez has joined #Chemistry [16:57] * marylf has joined #Chemistry [17:13] * Jenn has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:19] * marylf has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:28] * DrSturm has quit IRC [17:30] * ESanchez has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:33] * Disconnected Session Close: Tue Jan 13 17:33:43 2009 Session Start: Tue Jan 20 15:26:13 2009 Session Ident: #Chemistry [15:26] * Now talking in #Chemistry [15:26] * chemistry.gravitywaves.com sets mode: +nt [15:58] * Erick has joined #Chemistry [15:59] * Erick has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [16:00] * Erick has joined #Chemistry [16:01] * DrSturm has joined #Chemistry [17:18] * Confuzled has joined #Chemistry [17:19] Hello? [17:19] * Confuzled has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:26] * DrSturm has quit IRC [17:26] * Disconnected Session Close: Tue Jan 20 17:26:29 2009 Session Start: Tue Feb 03 11:46:18 2009 Session Ident: #Chemistry [11:46] * Now talking in #Chemistry [11:46] * chemistry.gravitywaves.com sets mode: +nt [16:01] * DrSturm has joined #Chemistry [17:21] * angie has joined #Chemistry [17:22] hello, my name is angelica. My onlu concern is to wether or not there is going to be a study guide before taking an exam [17:23] No, but the questions on the exam will be similar to those in the homework assignments. [17:24] i see. also the only day that we can take the exam is on the assigned date? could we take it in that same week just a different day? [17:25] No it must be sometime on the date specified in the syllabus between 7:00AM and 10:00PM [17:25] ok.would there be any group discussions? [17:26] No [17:27] ok. thank you [17:30] * angie has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:54] * DrSturm has quit IRC [17:55] * Disconnected Session Close: Tue Feb 03 17:55:09 2009 Session Start: Tue Feb 10 14:35:59 2009 Session Ident: #Chemistry [14:35] * Now talking in #Chemistry [14:35] * chemistry.gravitywaves.com sets mode: +nt [16:03] * biotch has joined #Chemistry [16:03] * biotch has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [16:03] * DrSturm has joined #Chemistry [16:04] * urname has joined #Chemistry [16:04] Hi Dr Sturm, few questions... [16:04] do we need to know anything about LDH or the shuttles for glycolysis? [16:05] or just know that LDH reoxidized NAD+ and makes lactate? [16:06] Just that LDH makes lactic acid (lactate) nothing about the shuttles [16:07] is there a regulation for glucokinase? I know there is regulation for hexokinase (G6P)... [16:08] Glucose specific, found in liver only. Synthesis induced by insulin. [16:08] Has a high Km (low affinity,weak binding) to ensure an appropriate response to elevation of glucose from the diet, provides kinetic control. [16:08] High Vmax (rapid phosphorylation of glucose). [16:08] do we also need to know any detail for galactose metabolism about the UDP-glucose/ galactose? [16:08] That's pretty much it for glucokinase [16:09] You need to know the names of the intermediate and enzymes for galactose and fructose metabolism [16:09] how much detail do we need to know about the structure of the mitochondria? do we also need ot know the enzymes for inside the matrix? [16:09] Nothing about the mitochondria [16:10] for glycogen synthase, is it just the G6P levels that regulate this enzyme (and the fact that there is a independent vs dependent on G6P for its activation?)? [16:10] You can pretty much rely on the Brief Review for Exam 1 in terms of what you need to focus on [16:11] For glycogen metabolism you should focus on the hand-out describing the synthase and phosphoryalse regulation [16:12] Is it protein phosphatase 1 controls both enzymes then that control synthase and phosphoryalse regulation? [16:12] meaning that when it is active it can for example dephosphorylate glycogen synthase, so glycogen synthase is active and do glycogenesis, correct? [16:14] Yes, basically when protein phosphatase is inactive glycogenolysis is going on, i.e. the phosphorylase is active [16:14] so can glycogen synthase also be inactivated by glucose, G6P, and ATP and not just by G6P as indicated in the other lecture besides the handout? [16:14] So yes when it is active Glycogen Synthase will be active [16:15] glucose, G-6-P and ATP activate protein phosphatase [16:16] so as result, glycogen synthase will be active and just store the glucose as glycogen? [16:16] Yes [16:18] for F26BP, the PFK-2 and FBPase2 is what type of enzyme? I believe you stated that they are "attached" to each other or coordinate together but I cannot remember... [16:20] but when it is dephosphorylated, it is the PFK-2 that is activated, it makes F26BP, which activates PFK-1 and goes through glycolysis (and less gluconeogenesis)... is this correct? [16:20] I mean when there is high glucose around? [16:22] Yes it is a tandem enzyme, when it is dephosphorylated the PFK-2 is active producing F-2,6-BP and when it is phosporylated FBPase-2 is active breaking down the F-2,6-BP [16:23] So yes you have it correct :o) [16:24] ok great! a few more... [16:25] just to be sure the PPP, just know that the oxidative branches give 2 NADPH and non oxidate the R5P and pentoses/trioses/hexoses interconversion... [16:25] as well as that it uses a lot of the intermediates from glycolysis... do we need to know the intermediates as well? [16:27] Yes and you should know the intermediates, i.e. G-6-P, GA-3-P and F-6-P [16:28] ok anything else necessary for the PPP besides that? [16:28] That's it [16:29] do we need to know in gluconeogeneiss the enzyme responsible for converting the F6P to G6P or just know the 2 main enzymes that are reciprocally regulated from the glycolytic enzymes? [16:30] also are both the F16BPase and G6Pase irreversible as well (like hexo/glucokinase and PFK-1)? [16:31] That's it just the stories of F-1,6-BPase and G-6-Pase [16:31] do we also need to know about PEPCK? [16:32] Nothing on PEPCK [16:32] also just to be sure, just know that can use non-carb precursors to make glucose for lactate, alanine, and glycerol? do we need to jknow anything about the enzyme alanine aminotransferanse or cori cycle or anything else? [16:34] Don't need to know anything about Ala aminotransferase or the cori cycle [16:35] on the notes, we have the F16BPase is activated when there is citrate around (more gluconeogenesis) and inhibited by having AMP and F26BP around, what about inorganic Phosphate or just know what's on the lecture? [16:36] Don't worry about the Pi [16:37] on the worksheet 3 for number 5 it says to described allosteric regulation of glucose metabolism in termso of: cell energy levels, blood glucose conditions, and relative amounts of G6P... [16:38] do you want us to just be able to explain in this question when to expect to see certain enzymes actvated when blood glucose low... [16:39] That's the stuff I put on the board about Insulin, fed state, and Glucagon, fasted state, and how they control the CHO pathways [16:39] oh gosh! I wasnt' there! [16:40] do you mean then when there is high blood glucose, then in Fed state, see insulin from beta cells to lower blood glucose or was there more??? [16:41] then how would that mean they would control CHO pathways? [16:41] That plus the information at the very end of the Insulin/Glucagon lecture regarding the pathways that Insulin and Glucagon control [16:41] ok, so then... [16:42] if there is high glucose, then the pancreas beta to release insulin and in the liver see more glycogenesis, less gluconeogeneis and less glycogenolysis... [16:42] Actually the last picture in the Insulin & Glucagon lecture answers this question perfectly [16:43] and then in the muscle and adipose, see more glucose transport, glycolysis, and glycogenesis... [16:43] yes [16:43] ok, then i have that down... so then insulin in this whole case i described will make liver and muslces and adipose do all this to lower blood glucose, correct? [16:44] Yes [16:44] just utilize or store that extra glucose? [16:45] on the worksheet do you want us to know the simple diagram of preproinsulin to insulin the beta cells in the pancreas? [16:46] It also says to "order the events of pancreatic processing of preproglucagon"? or do you want us to know that preproglucagon has the signal peptide, then proglucagon has it removed, and then simply have glucagon? [16:46] Not really the diagram, just that preproinsulin is a large protein comprised of the signal sequence, A & B chains and C-peptide [16:46] Then Proinsulin is the A & B chains plus the C-peptide and the disulfide bonds have formed [16:47] Well I guess that is the diagram in words pretty much.... [16:47] do we need to know anything about the GLP-1 for the test? [16:47] No [16:48] oh yeah, i almost forgot are we supposed to know any "events" for proc3essing preproglucagon to pro to glucagon? [16:49] No [16:50] ok so when we ingest carb's... [16:50] they can be either monosacch, disacch or polysaccharides... [16:51] Yes [16:51] starch is simply a polysaccaride then hydrolyzed by alpha-amylase into the 4 main parts? [16:52] monosaccharides need no digestion, disaccharides need lactase, sucrase etc, and starch (polysaccharide) needs amylase then the brush border enzymes [16:52] So ultimately we get Glucose, Galactose, Fructose [16:53] so there is basically the alpha-amylase then the brush border that is the 6 enzymes (lactase, sucrase, other amylase, etc) correct? [16:54] Yes [16:54] is maltose a disacch? [16:54] or do we not need to know about that? [16:55] It is a disaccharide that is broken down into Glucose + Glucose by Maltase [16:55] oh and is the 6 brush border enzymes then glucosidases then? [16:57] The six brush border enzymes are known as glucosidases [16:59] * omglucose has joined #Chemistry [16:59] and i understand and can also draw out the diagram for the pancreatic release of the proteases for digestion... just be able to desrcribe that the CCK-PZ stimulates the pancrease to release the proenzymes? [16:59] Just describe it no drawing required [16:59] as well as trigger the release of enteropeptidase of from the intestinal epithelial cells? [17:00] is that correct? [17:00] yes [17:01] and the secretin triggers the release of bicarbonate to raise pH since the enzymes can function in a higher pH and needs it to buffer the blood? [17:01] yes [17:01] regarding glycogen synthase/phosphorylase regulation, phosphorylase is regulated to keep glycogen from being converted to glucose until it is absolutely necessary, synthase is the exact opposite? [17:02] Yes, they are regulated so that glycogenesis is not going on at the same time as glycogenolysis [17:03] okay. do we need to be able to draw all the structures in glycolysis and the tca cycle or just be able to trace the carbons given the structures? [17:03] You have to draw them [17:05] maltotrioise is also a disacch then? [17:06] A trisaccharide [17:07] ok is isomaltose a dissach or a trisacch? [17:07] and also about alpha-limit dextrins? [17:07] Isomaltose is a disaccharide [17:07] do we also need to know about the 5 organ systems that are involved with diabetes? [17:09] also for the carb's there are carrier mediated and discriminate between the natural L and D amino acids, is it the "L" AA that we can use and D that we cannot? [17:09] Not sure what you mean [17:10] oh, sorry about knowing about retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, artherosclerosis, and circulatory problems? [17:10] Yes the L- amino acid is the "natural" amino acid used by the body [17:10] No you don't need to know the long-term effects of diabetes [17:10] is the alpha-limit dextrins a trisacch too? [17:11] A polysaccharide [17:12] do we need to know the purpose/function of the Golgi, ER, etc. in insulin release? [17:12] Yes [17:12] ok and finally, for tracing the carbons throughout glycolysis and TCA, we should be able to draw everything out and you would ask us for exmaple to trace carbon 2, then we can for example, use a different colored pen and circle it throughout to trace? [17:13] Exactly [17:13] okey dokey, I think (HOPE) that's everything! I will maybe send an email if any more questions but if not, thank you for your time and will see you tomorrow, Dr Sturm, thanks! [17:13] * justaskn has joined #Chemistry [17:14] O.K. [17:14] * urname has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:15] Will we need to know "meeting cellular needs" for the PPPathway? [17:15] No [17:15] Will the reactions of Glutathione Reductase and Glutathione Peroxidase be on the test? [17:15] No [17:16] Will we have to know PEPCK? [17:17] No [17:18] Will we have to know the details of Starch? [17:19] Don't know what that means [17:21] Will we have to know that starch is hydrolyzed by alpha-amylase into maltotriose, alpha-limit dextrin, maltose, and glucose [17:21] That's it [17:24] Essentially deigestible carbs are monosaccharides? [17:24] digestible* [17:26] Will we have to know the long term complications of Type 1 diabetes? [17:26] Digestible CHO's are starch, lactose, glucose etc., non-digestible are fiber [17:27] No you do not need to know the long term complications of diabetes [17:27] Why would high plasma glucose levels lead to hardening of arteries? [17:30] They tend to have abnormally high cholesterol levels [17:30] o ok. Thank you [17:30] see you tomorrow [17:31] * justaskn has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:33] * omglucose has quit IRC (Quit: Leaving) [17:58] * DrSturm has quit IRC [17:58] * Disconnected Session Close: Tue Feb 10 17:58:31 2009